Excerpts

When applying Na/K ratio thresholds of <1, <2, and <4, a decreasing trend in the prevalence of each category was observed over time, with the exception of 2018 and 2019.

Those who exhibited weight loss at t 1 ( p = 0.052) and t 3 ( p = 0.073) showed a trend toward shorter overall survival compared to patients with stable weight or weight gain.

At six months postpartum, the control group showed an 80% decrease in EBF if the mother had secondary education (OR = 0.2; 95% CI 0.03, 1.3; p = 0.09) compared with those with primary education or no schooling, though only marginally significant.

While the differences in food and water intake were not statistically significant, a decreasing trend in food consumption in the LBTE-treated groups suggests a possible influence of LBTE on appetite.

Remarkably highly significant positive bidirectional associations in both patients and controls were revealed for energy density, free sugar, non-milk extrinsic sugars, and sucrose.

The reality, however, is that excessively large samples can lead to statistically significant results that may not be practically significant [ 11 , 12 ].

In this study, the inclusion helps interpret associations such as those between dietary habits and DMFT/dmft indices more accurately, particularly in borderline significance cases.

Instead, interpretation of p -values was made with caution, particularly for marginally significant results (e.g., p -values close to 0.05), and supported by effect size estimates and CIs.

On the other hand, a comparative study revealed more promising results: propolis tablets showed a trend toward superiority over conventional triple therapy (colloidal bismuth subsalicylate combined with amoxicillin and famotidine) in terms of H. pylori eradication, suggesting that optimizing propolis formulations or combining it with other medications may be effective strategies to enhance its clinical efficacy [ 119 , 120 , 121 ]. 4.5.

While d18:0-DHHexCer exhibited significant downregulation of C16:0 and C20:0 side chains ( Figure 3 C), d18:1-HexCer showed a marked increase in the N -acyl C14:0 content accompanied by a clear trend toward elevated levels of C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, and C22:0 ( Figure 3 D), alongside decreases in C24:0 and C24:1.

Likewise, the corn cereal group demonstrated a decreasing trend in GQ values from baseline (85.39 ± 11.98) to post-intervention (78.26 ± 12.42), although this difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.060).

Fasting glucose and HbA1c levels showed a decreasing trend in both groups, although the changes were moderate.

Although there was a positive trend in improved hydration habits and increased physical activity, no significant changes in adherence to the MD were observed after six months.

At T1, a favorable trend was observed in the decreasing prevalence of children who did not enjoy any physical activity, while the number of children who enjoy planned physical activity increased.

According to the dose–response curve, green tea intake and duration showed a trend of initially decreasing and then increasing liver cancer risk ( Figure S3 ). 3.4.

Data from clinical studies have shown that postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) show a significant trend toward a decrease in the degree of insulin resistance and cumulative incidence of diabetes mellitus [ 3 ].

Among the remaining sensitivity analyses, the reduction in LDL-C:HDL-C was significant or nearly significant, except for when strata in which the baseline LDL-C level was optimal were pooled; when strata in which some or all subjects were taking lipid-lowering medications were pooled; and when strata from lower quality studies were pooled.

Compared to participants in the lowest tertile of adherence to rMED, those in the highest tertile showed evidence of a marginally significant, lower risk of cancer mortality, HR = 0.55 (95% CI 0.29–1.04).

Data indicate that there was no genotype effect in any of the markers (although there was an almost significant decrease of Gfap protein in 3×Tg-AD, Figure 6 D).

When DII was categorized into three levels using the LDII group as the reference, participants in the HDII group had significantly lower LE8 scores (adjusted β = −4.741, 95% CI: −8.124 to −1.358, adjusted for age, sex and energy intake), whereas the MDII group showed a nonsignificant trend toward lower scores (adjusted β = −2.121, 95% CI: −5.183 to 0.940).

Although K18 mRNA expression showed an increasing trend, it was not statistically significant.

The results showed a trend towards higher values for platelet and neutrophil counts in responsive patients than non-responsive patients ( p -value 0.0641 and 0.09, respectively).

One study revealed that nursing undergraduates in China have insufficient knowledge of breastfeeding, and there is a decreasing trend in the pertinent knowledge and practice of breastfeeding in China [ 17 ].

However, when applying FDR correction for multiple testing, only galactinol (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.40–0.78; p = 0.001; FDR = 0.075) and Pyrogallol (OR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.32–0.77; p = 0.002; FDR = 0.104) retained borderline significance. All other metabolites lost statistical significance after FDR adjustment (FDR > 0.20).

Suggestive MR Associations Several micronutrients showed nominally significant associations with T1D risk in our MR analysis ( Table S2 ).