Excerpts

Finally, we compared the proportion of nutrition and health claims recorded on the food products to the proportion of NHCs obtained in the 2012 study to estimate a possible trend in the use of NHCs.

Thus, depending on the amount of gluten consumed, the period of GIP detection may vary, with a positive trend between gluten consumption and GIP excretion.

In addition, the hepatic TG level only showed an increasing trend in the CE group when compared to the CC group.

With regard to nonheme iron, the risk also tended to decrease, although a significant trend was reported only for males (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.33–0.93, p for trend = 0.028) ( Supplementary material Table S2 ).

Interestingly, the same pattern of an initial IgM peak followed by a decreasing trend toward control levels was reported in total intestinal secretions [ 9 ], although oral bLf was administered only until day 21.

Borderline significant inverse associations were found in women for worse general health status and body mass index (BMI) ( Table 3 ).

Several studies highlight an increasing trend of DS use during the last decades [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].

Concerning eating indicators, an increasing trend in perceived food insecurity was noticed when compared to previous surveys, a finding warranting the attention of public authorities.

Thus, there was a slight trend to chronic malnutrition, but no acute malnutrition.

We further observed a significant trend of decreased risk of obesity with increased SI intake in postmenopausal women but not in premenopausal women.

Investigating the factors that affect diet quality in women of reproductive age has crucial importance especially because diet-related morbidity among these women had an increasing trend during the past years [ 30 ].

A significant, positive but weak association was found between carbohydrate intake and liking for sweetness in 8-to-12-year-old girls; and a negative trend was observed in boys.

For sugar intake, only a positive trend was observed in girls.

In the crude logistic regression model, fasting for more than 11 h overnight was associated with a slightly non-significant reduced risk of prostate cancer compared to those fasting for 11 h or less (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.73–1.16, Table 3 ).

Randomized controlled studies also revealed that participants who had been randomized to a banked breastmilk group had lower levels of LDL/HDL ratio, TC, and LDL-C compared with those who received preterm formula at 13–16 years, although these differences were marginally significant [ 12 ].

Dietary interventions in ADHD including elimination diets have shown highly significant effects [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] with effect sizes up to Cohen’s d = 5.0 in unblinded studies [ 7 ].

In REM, delta power % of the PS128 group on day 15 was a borderline significant increase ( Table S3 ). 3.3.

Thus, while highly significant, the incorporation of DHA into A4-004N and A4-004Adh phospholipids was not as strikingly different as that observed for total lipids, suggesting that DHA levels may be relatively more stable in phospholipids compared to total lipids in GBM cells. 3.3.

In individuals with ASCVD, the non-esterified trans FA18:2CLA was positively associated with carotid IMT, and there was a trend towards significance for two other trans species.

As an example, even though the overall effect is non-significant, it could be that case that a highly significant effect is be found by removing one or a particular set of studies.

From V6 to V7, two weeks after product consumption ceased, the results showed a trend of stabilization (for major SCFA) or an increase (for minor SCFA) of the concentrations in the Test group and a systematic increase of both in the Control group.

r = 0.69; p = 0.15) were either significant or tended toward significance in the RUG group but not in the CON group.

When analyzing by neonate sex, this inverse correlation was also highly significant in both male and female subgroups in the UTI condition ( Table 2 ).

Another RCT with vitamin D-K-calcium showed a trend towards a decline in luteinizing hormone, whereas there was no significant effect of vitamin D-K-calcium co-supplementation on prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, 17-OH progesterone, inflammatory markers and glutathione levels [ 38 ].

Many differences in the present report were only nominally significant and did not pass multiple testing corrections, and hence should be interpreted with caution.