Excerpts

Smokers also showed a trend of higher clonal TMB (Supplementary Fig. 10c ), higher subclonal TMB (Supplementary Fig. 10d ) and higher proportion of trunk mutations (Supplementary Fig. 10e ).

For instance, SNP rs113303918 in the intron of the FHL1 gene is significantly associated with WHR in female and the combined male–female analyses ( P XWAS, female = 6.6x10 –12 and P XWAS, combined = 9.8x10 –14 , respectively), while being only nominally significant in the male-specific analysis ( P XWAS, male = 4.5 × 10 –5 ) and the per-allele effect sizes on WHR are similar in both sexes (effect size ratio = 0.93, SE = 0.26).

However, one can see that the proportion of under- and over-coordinated Ge atoms in the glass models is quite significant.

24 hpf), with a highly significant overlap between the developmentally regulated exons in PGC and soma (Supplementary Fig. 7a , p value 1.12 × 10 –46 , Fisher’s exact test).

Measuring 300 dimers visualised by rotary metal shadowing EM revealed rod lengths ranging respectively from 40.7 to 56.9 nm and from 41.0 to 56.0 for 90% of measurements in Tris and NaPi buffer, with a significant trend towards shorter rods in NaPi buffer: median rod length of 51.1 nm in Tris buffer vs 49.2 nm in NaPi buffer ( p -value 4.45 × 10 −3 ) (Fig. 1b, c and Source Data file).

The average score for each predicted function was calculated by normalising the scores from the individual methods (e.g., e -value or probability) to the range of 0–100, with 100 indicating a highly confident score (e.g., a highly significant e -value from Pfam or Gene3D; see methods).

An obvious trend can be seen, indicating possible errors in the ArcticDEM, the baseline, or front-back tilt of the rack structure that supports the antennas.

The critical product Ω* displays a decreasing trend with l (Supplementary Fig. 10 ), that in turn affects the point from which the effect of P and A on C changes from decreasing to increasing returns to scale.

This difference was apparent as early as PD21, the time point at which the first wave of spermatocytes produce spermatids in WT testes.

There was also a mild trend toward a reduction in percentage of NCR + ILC3s among Lin – cells (Fig. 1a, c ), while percentages of ILC2s and ILC1s in Lin – cells were not affected by α-DR3 treatment (Fig. 1a, d ).

There was also a highly significant age trend with rate ratios increasing from 1.47 (95% CI: 1.45–1.49) in those up to 20 years of age to 5.20 (95% CI: 5.15–5.25) for individuals above 60 years.

A marginally significant direct effect of blood glucose on the amount of money shared in the DG is in line with the idea of resource accumulation and consistent with the previous findings.

A clear trend is that increasing the steric hindrance around the amide moiety elongated the N–S bond, which correlates to the performance of these reagents.

Indeed, when assessing the statistical significance of the gene level findings in each group, there are very few genes that are significant in one group that just missed significance cutoff in the other group (Supplementary Figure 2 ).

All of our interactors displayed a distribution of molecular masses that was comparable with the yeast proteome, and only a slight trend towards larger molecular masses (>100 kDa) was observed for the heat-shock interactors compared with the non-heat shock interactors (Supplementary Fig. 8a ).

For HRAS, no new hotspots were unequivocally identified, although two residues (R164 and P167) were borderline significant (Fig. 2c ).

The significance of results was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Turkey’s test and p values less than 0.05 were considered significant (presented with * in figures) while p values less than 0.005 were considered as highly significant (presented with ** in figures).

A curiosity driven and practically significant question is then under what conditions will a non-Markovian process be equivalent to a Markovian one.

In the C n P-BTBT system, we found an increasing trend in binding energy (Fig. 4o , pink triangle) and a consistent increasing trend in growth rate (Fig. 4o , red circle, Supplementary Figs. 39 – 44 ) upon elongation of the alkyl linkers.

A clear trend is established for the HEA catalysts of different compositions, with the desorption temperatures (both onset and peak positions) rising at decreasing Co/Mo ratios, suggesting the continuous tuning of nitrogen binding strength by varying the HEA composition.

The mechanism we uncovered here is likely to be significant in natural environments as “florigen” genes FT and TSF , as well as PIF4 , were identified as genes underlying regulation of flowering time and shade-avoidance response in nature 42 , 63 – 65 .

Juglans , Fraxinus , Ulmus , and Quercus ) are dominant, and the percentages of Quercus exhibit regular oscillations; and (2) after ~5700 cal yr B.P., Pinus, Betula , and Artemisia exhibit an increasing trend, and Quercus , Carpinus and Ulmus a decreasing trend.

Comparative differential expression analysis showed a clear trend in global transcriptomic profiles where the expressions of dysregulated genes in the Pkd2 -KO and Pcy /CD1 cystic kidneys were improved after RGLS4326 treatment (rho = −0.559 and −0.812, respectively) (Fig. 7d, e ; y -axis).

Given the high abundance of GLT1 in the CNS with multiple regulatory mechanisms and > 50% reduction of GLT1-dependent glutamate uptake is more commonly observed in pathological conditions 39 , we consider a 30% reduction of glutamate uptake by exosome blockade highly significant.

Thus, the variants involved in this pathway–pathway interaction could not be identified using traditional univariate analysis or interaction tests that focus on individual SNP pairs, but were highly significant when assessed collectively by BridGE.