Excerpts

The decay rates are similar for all junctions, with a slight trend towards slower decay in high-quality junctions, as revealed by the exponent β (see the inset in Fig. 6 ).

However, we report all GFINs in the manuscript in order of their nominal/marginal significance.

In line with this finding, we observed a weakly significant association between GO-CC and both plastic and evolutionary gene expression responses ( Supplementary Figs 3 and 4 and Supplementary Data 1 and 2 ).

We found a highly significant effect of temperature treatment on protein expression profiles and a significant effect of thermal origin but no interaction between them ( Fig. 3 and Supplementary Fig. 1 ).

There is a clear trend with decreasing d : the dislocations in action transition from full to partial inside the grains, and eventually to those in the GB to mediate grain rotation.

In this study, the possible fitness advantage of possessing a particular FT promoter variant was much harder to detect and was only borderline significant for plants grown in Southern Spain, whereas it was not significant in Germany or the United Kingdom ( Supplementary Fig. 9 ; Supplementary Table 5 ).

Therefore, to investigate whether an alternative mechanism operates in Limenitis , we then performed RNAseq analysis of WntA expression across four developmental time points (5th instar, prepupal, <48 post pupation and >48 post pupation), and found highly significant evidence for upregulated expression of a 5′-untranslated region (UTR), during the 5th instar stage, only among mimetic individuals ( Fig. 3 ; general linear model (GLM): n =6, P <0.0001 after false discovery rate (FDR) correction 30 ).

This quantification demonstrated a clear trend in which the percentage of trajectories exhibiting fluctuations increased with increasing distance of the G4 motif from the duplex region.

To identify the PAR, we focused on SNPs heterozygous in both males and females in a pool of unmapped markers that were not linked to any of the 33 autosomal linkage groups 33 . Seven of these previously unlinked markers from three small scaffolds (N00298, three markers in 436.0 kb; N00378, three markers in 182.2 kb; N02597, one marker in 2.3 kb) showed highly significant two-point linkage in both male and female meioses to several markers located close to one end of the Z chromosome linkage map and to each other ( Supplementary Table 1 ; Supplementary Fig. 1 ).

This highly significant effect was consistently demonstrated across all the cohorts studied and was independent of potentially confounding factors including gender, age at time of biopsy, BMI, T2DM and PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype.

Although not statistically significant, a clear trend towards low IL-2 production was also observed ( Fig. 6c ).

Interestingly, STAT3 and IL-8 expression tended to inversely correlate in KRAS mutant samples, whereas KRAS wild-type samples showed a trend towards a positive correlation between STAT3 and IL-8 expression ( Supplementary Fig. 4c ).

MeQTL results ( Supplementary Table 8 ) are presented for variants with nominally significant associations in both the WGS and GWAS samples less than a meta-analysis P -value of 1 × 10 −04 .

Although the original P -value was not as strong as in typical genome-wide association studies due to the small sample size, the replication finding was statistically highly significant, and the odds ratio suggests a strong effect of the variant in HPAH.

2b,c , a decreasing trend of T g with decreasing PMMA volume fraction ( φ PMMA ) for both the SiO 2 –PEG 2k /PMMA PNCs and the PMMA/PEG blends is observed.

This overlap between DISLoDGED pathways and non-pharmacokinetic side effect susceptibility altering genes was highly significant (joint hypergeometric tests, P -value 2.2 × 10 −11 , see Supplementary Note 2 for calculation).

Importantly, a clear trend is observed that the normalized integrated EL intensity increases with the increasing flake thickness ( Fig. 5b ), which might be attributed to at least two factors.

Thus, radiocarbon ventilation reconstructions from throughout the mid-depth (∼500–1,500 m) and deep (>1,500 m) Pacific are in apparent conflict, with some indicating very little or no change in radiocarbon ventilation between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the pre-industrial period 3 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 , some indicating transient anomalies of varying magnitude and sense 14 15 16 17 , and with others showing quite significant changes, expressed as a net change between the LGM and the pre-industrial 18 19 20 21 or as a positive anomaly in the deglaciation 22 23 24 25 ( Table 1 ).

Marginally significant terms (Benjamini FDR>0.05) are shown in gray.

This demonstrated a strong signal of balancing selection on NPR1 , with a highly significant positive peak in Tajima's D (that is, an excess of intermediate frequency alleles) and an extreme composite likelihood ratio test score ( Fig. 3c,d ).

In this respect, although all hominins fall within the modern human variation, a clear trend is evident: fossil Homo and OH 86 show very similar values, in the low interquartile range of H. sapiens , whereas all australopiths are in the upper interquartile range.

This resulted in fewer newborn neurons reaching the OB, visualized by a highly significant decrease in the numbers of postmitotic CldU+ newly formed neurons in the granular and periglomerular layers of the mutant OBs ( Fig. 2f ; Supplementary Fig. 5e ).

Impacts of wings and holometaboly on diversification The effect of herbivory on diversification is highly significant among insect orders, but still explains less than half of the variation in rates ( Table 1 ).

The result showed a trend towards increased activity of neurogenesis-deficient mice ( Tbr2 KO) during the dark cycle in comparison with WT mice ( Supplementary Fig. 3a ).

1 ) shows an apparent trend of increasing biodiversity through the Mesozoic, punctuated by a latest Triassic crash, a severe decline across the Jurassic/Cretaceous (J/K) boundary and the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) mass extinction, from which recovery only started in the early Neogene.