Excerpts

(6) Among the tested mixtures, appropriate ceramsite replacement showed a favorable trend in permeability grade and residual strength.

With increasing ceramsite content, both porosity and the associated total pore volume and total pore area exhibit an overall upward tendency, whereas the average pore size shows a decreasing trend.

It can be seen from the figure that with the increase in heating temperature, the equivalent diameters of carbides obtained by both processes show an increasing trend.

The compressive strength results, presented in Figure 1 a–c, demonstrate a clear trend: the incorporation of ABD as a cement replacement led to a reduction in compressive strength monotonically with increasing ABD replacement levels (0% to 50%) across all ages (3, 7, and 28 days).

The GDP replacement results demonstrated a clear trend of workability reduction proportional to the replacement level.

Within the 0.24–0.30 range, the 28 d compressive strength continued to follow a decreasing trend, declining from 50.2 MPa to 45.2 MPa.

The experimental results indicated that the influence of the W/B ratio on the mechanical properties of RHE-ECC exhibited a consistent pattern across different curing ages: strength decreased monotonically with increasing W/B ratio, while ductility showed an increasing trend.

Collectively, recent PPy antibacterial surfaces exhibit a clear trend toward multi-mechanism synergy—encompassing photothermal, electrical stimulation, NO release, and growth factor regulation—rather than being confined to singular contact killing.

Compared with CRA-2S, the penetration and ductility of CRA-2S4U, CRA-2S5U, and CRA-2S6U showed an increasing trend, while the softening point values of these samples continuously decreased.

From an overall trend, the MXene film before plasma bombardment maintains a high reflectance over a broad wavenumber range, exhibiting typical optical behavior of metallic conductive materials.

As material dosages increased, total life-cycle carbon emissions showed a trend consistent with the carbon emissions from the material production stage.

As the F127 addition amount increased from 1.6 g to 2.0 g (corresponding to samples F2 to F4), the visible light transmittance of the aerogel showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.

It can be seen that from W1 to W4, the specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter of the aerogels all showed an increasing trend.

The experiments demonstrated that as the proportion of DMDMS increased, the thermal conductivity of the aerogels exhibited a decreasing trend.

Conversely, W/B exhibits a clear trend whereby greater values (red) generally result in consistently higher model output.

Similar to the uncorroded condition, the back stress at each strain amplitude generally showed a decreasing trend during cycling.

The results in Figure 7 show that although the pore area, aspect ratio, and inclination angle differ among the various cases, the peak load data can still be reasonably collapsed onto a decreasing trend with increasing L p .

However, when the additive ratio was increased to 5% and 10%, the compressive strength values showed a decreasing trend again (3.97 MPa and 3.34 MPa, respectively).

The quantitative assessment demonstrates highly significant improvements in accuracy across these iterations.

Overall, both the 3 d and 28 d compressive strengths of AAS exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing SS dosages.

Conversely, the concentration of Zn and Ca within the β phases exhibits a decreasing trend with increasing Al content. 3.2.

With respect to the variation in drying shrinkage coefficient, both materials displayed an increasing trend with prolonged curing age.

The present case study indicates that abrasive particles are capable of forming an interesting trend in abrasive tool development.

L2 retains marginal significance (β = 0.046, t = 2.7, p _Bonf = 0.024).

It can be seen that both R a and R z in the X and Y directions of the machined surface exhibit a decreasing trend with increasing v c .