Excerpts

Comparing the RCF lives of wheel rollers at different sampling depths, the second layer of wheel 2 had the longest RCF life, while the RCF life of wheel 1 had a decreasing trend with the depth.

A normalized difference between experimental and simulated result is taken as a measure of deviation as given in Equation ( 15 ). (15) Δ η n o r m = | η e x p − η s i m | η s i m A clear trend of increasing deviation with increasing Péclet number is visible from Figure 6 .

Both heat-up curves show an initial transient phenomenon up to 50 °C before an increasing trend is presented.

Indeed, hardened concrete (sound or damaged) exhibits a smooth curve with a slightly increasing trend for phase velocity, especially for the low frequency range [ 9 , 17 ], while the few experimental results as well as simulations concerning liquid matrix (fresh concrete) imply an opposite trend and showcase much stronger dispersion exhibiting even “resonant peaks” of phase velocity and attenuation [ 8 , 10 ].

An overall trend observed is that for shear-reinforced beams, a great portion of resistance is contributed by web steel, and there is no such evidence that the resistance is significantly affected by the use of recycled aggregates.

The elastic modulus of the SiO 2 -based ceramic core shows a decreasing trend when the temperature is increased.

The Poisson’s ratio data for axial compression tests in Figure 11 also indicate an increasing trend with test duration, yet the Poisson’s ratio does not exceed unity, meaning the final axial strain is higher than the hoop strain for axial compression.

In addition, Table 4 , Table 5 and Table 6 show that the equilibrium concentration shows a decreasing trend with the decreasing initial concentration, which is similar to the research reported before [ 30 ].

There is a clear trend of aggregation for the distribution of Mn.

With the increase in frequency, ε , , the dielectric constant of carbon nanofiber reinforced concrete increased slowly at first, then decreased slightly and showed a trend of significant increase at last. 3.

The mean damping ratio of the pure laminates showed a trend of NF>RCF>VCF, which was inversely proportional to their modulus.

As the composition of AIN/CP changed, the friction coefficient of the TSG showed an increasing trend.

The creep rate showed a decreasing trend at a constant peak load of 100 mN.

A positive trend observed in the national materials economy over recent years is the greater importance of secondary raw materials and recycled materials.

The domestic consumption of raw materials reveals an increasing trend, whose dynamics vary depending on the material group.

As shown in Figure 11 , under each impact pressure, the temperature damage residual factors of specimens treated after distinct high temperatures were all smaller than those at room temperature, and the temperature damage residual factors showed a decreasing trend with the rise of temperature.

However, by decreasing the value of Z, the recrystallized fraction decreases first, followed by an increasing trend, and finally decreases again.

The curves revealed an obvious increasing trend for crack widths ranging between 160 and 300 μm, and a decreasing trend for crack widths larger than 300 μm.

Studies of the wear track ( Figure 12 a) and EDS analysis ( Figure 12 b) indicate that, compared to the starting condition where oxides were not found, after 10,000 s of the ball-on-disc test, the amount of oxides on the surface is already quite significant.

It is found that the model established by the stepwise method is practically significant with Y = −71.168 + 6.946 x 1 + 25.799 x 3 , where Y , x 1 and x 3 represent the dielectric constant, Nd content and the density, respectively.

It was difficult to find a clear trend or optimal value just based on the above-shown results.

The relative compressive strength calculated as the ratio of the compressive strength value of experimental specimens BM1–BM3 and the reference sample ( Table 15 ), showed an increasing trend of 14–23% 56 days.

In the case of the kerosene dielectric, a decreasing trend of MRR is observed for a pulse–time ratio from 0.5 to 1.5, as presented in Figure 6 d.

Pastes with GP (G-20, G-30 and G-40) show a decreasing trend in CH with increase of cement replacement by GP (about 21%, 17% and 14%, respectively).

As can be observed in Figure 15 b,c, when the periodic vibration amplitude was increasing, the dynamic restoring force and energy dissipation capacity of MR exhibited an increasing trend.