Excerpts

According to the ANOVA results in Table 5 , the variation in the water-to-binder ratio had the most significant and highly significant effect on all evaluation indicators throughout the sulfate dry–wet corrosion process.

They found that the mechanical properties of RAC, such as compressive strength and dynamic elastic modulus, also showed a trend of initial increase or stabilization, followed by a decrease over time.

The test results showed that the density of the specimens showed a decreasing trend with the decrease in the interface temperature, but the porosity was always below the 3% threshold specified in the standard.

In contrast, the Cu-excess specimens displayed lower power factors at temperatures below 423 K, but exhibited an increasing trend above 423 K.

With the increase in temperature, the number of hydrogen bonds in each system showed a decreasing trend in general, which was mainly considered to indicate that the molecular thermal motion was intensified after the energy of the system was increased, making it difficult to maintain a stable hydrogen bonding network, and the hydrogen bond energy was low, making it easy to be destabilized at high temperatures.

The results show that the adsorption capacity increases with the increase in the initial concentration of fluoride until it reaches an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 263.33 mg g −1 , whereas the removal rate shows a decreasing trend from 88.78% to 32.92%.

Waste glass concrete exhibits a similar trend in strength variation to OC, showing a clear trend of first increase and then decrease [ 10 ].

At 28 days, the p value was 0.000004, showing an extremely significant improvement.

Therefore, the sizes of the CuNPs present an increasing trend with temperature, as summarized in Figure 6 .

Corrosion Rate As shown in Figure 6 , the corrosion rate of all three groups of experimental steels showed an increasing trend before 21 days.

However, as the aging time increased, both the compressive yield strength and compressive elongation exhibited a decreasing trend.

With the increase in fault dip angle, the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in each component of the prefabricated wide sleeper polyurethane-solidified track bed show an increasing trend: When the dip angle of the active fault zone increases from 45° to 75°, the maximum tensile stress of the rail increases to 1.15 times and 1.38 times, respectively, and the maximum compressive stress increases to 1.59 times and 2.53 times, respectively; the maximum tensile stress of the wide sleepe

With the increase in the width of the active fault zone, the maximum lateral deformation of the rail shows a decreasing trend.

It is can be observed that the in-plane Seebeck coefficient of black phosphorus exhibits a decreasing trend with an increasing charge carrier concentration that closely matches the results reported in Ref.

Moreover, the contents of the Ti-O-C bond and Ti-O-N bond also showed an obvious trend ( Figure 6 d,e), that is, 1T-TMP < 2T-TMP < 3T-TMP < 4T-TMP, with the specific proportions shown in Table S3 .

Under the toughening effect of micro-cracks, with an increase in the main crack deflection angle β , the duration of the crack incubation stage showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing (see Table 4 ), indicating that the micro-cracks reduced the modulus damage of the asphalt concrete given that they could effectively delay the crack occurrence, as shown in Figure 8 b.

Conversely, the extent of electrical anisotropy ( Daniso ) exhibits an increasing trend across all electrode arrangements, both within individual fabrics and between different groups of fabrics ( Figure 12 c).

Notably, electrical resistance ( Rm ) and anisotropy ( D% ) show a decreasing trend when transitioning from the M to the S electrode arrangements.

This was also shown by highly significant results, with p -values far below the standard threshold of 0.05.

Such a negative trend can be eliminated by modifying the fibre surfaces [ 11 , 34 , 47 , 48 , 49 ].

The results indicated a positive trend in the enhancement of mechanical properties as the filler concentration increased.

It can be seen from Table 4 that with the increase in normal stress, the slope of the straight line shows a decreasing trend, indicating that the shear strength increases with the rise of normal stress, and the correlation coefficients are 0.93, 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, and 0.90, respectively, indicating that there is a good correlation between the parameters.

EDS analysis indicates a decreasing trend in C and W element contents across the light, dark, and gray phases, respectively, while Co element content exhibits an increasing trend.

Introduction Most machine elements used in demanding fields, like the aerospace, automotive, or heavy machinery industries, are subjected to intense static and dynamic loads, leading to possibly significant, locally concentrated stresses.

The AGS exhibits a decreasing trend with increasing rolling reduction.