Excerpts

Concurrently, the thickness of the passivation film exhibits a decreasing trend with increasing reduction ratio.

The experimental results ( Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 ) demonstrate that with increasing cold rolling deformation, the number, diameter, and depth of pitting progressively increase, indicating a clear trend of localized corrosion intensification.

As shown in Figure 8 a, the total porosity exhibits an increasing trend after CAA-FTC, with CG1 and CD1 showing increases of 0.2% and 3.6%, respectively.

The MCL of concrete exhibits a decreasing trend after the CAA-FTC.

As illustrated in the figure, the permeability coefficient generally exhibits a decreasing trend as the amounts of CL and PG increase.

As the cell height h increased, the SEA and specific strength both showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.

Overall, the overpotential shows a decreasing trend.

However, beyond this range, further increasing the concentration resulted in a decreasing trend in the dehydration rate.

Porosity The porosity of double-layer composite concrete inevitably shows a decreasing trend with the increase in paste content.

From these maps, a similar characteristic distribution of chromium and a clear trend in silicon distribution depending on the FeAlSiCa content can be observed.

Overall, the addition of nanosecond pulses significantly enhances the ablation performance, with a clear trend of first decreasing and then increasing values, as compared to CW laser ablation.

As shown, both the flexural and compressive strengths exhibit a decreasing trend when the CRA content reaches 20%, with the flexural strength dropping from 7.35 to 4.12 MPa and the compressive strength decreasing from 16.26 to 10.71 MPa.

In addition, the concentration of Pb 2+ in the pore solution showed an increasing trend with an increase in the Pb 2+ dosage.

As the temperature increases from 25 °C to 200 °C, the elastic modulus generally exhibits a decreasing trend, as shown in Figure 9 c.

In contrast, the δ values of the CRA were significantly lower and exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing rubber content.

Under axial preload application, the hysteretic response characteristics of the isolators vary significantly with displacement amplitude: at small displacement amplitudes, increasing the preload causes the maximum tensile force f max of both isolators to exhibit a decreasing trend, while their maximum compressive force f min shows an increasing trend.

However, when the reaction time was extended to 36 h, the particle size began to exhibit a decreasing trend.

As the SiO 2 content increased from 1% to 9%, the intensity of MgO diffraction peaks showed a trend of “initially increasing then decreasing”.

As can be seen from the figure, in the initial stage (within 20 min), the dielectric constant changes drastically, exhibiting an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing.

At different temperatures, all curves showed a decreasing trend of surface tension with the increase in KF content.

Notably, a pronounced trend emerges in phase content evolution with cooling rate.

Overall, Sa shows a clear trend of decreasing with increasing P and decreasing SS.

The dilution ratio (DR = DH/LH) exhibits a positive trend with increasing laser power, indicating that higher energy not only increases the DH but also enlarges the relative penetration compared with the deposited layer height.

In addition, the maximum tensile stress of the SMPU showed a trend of rising first and then falling ( Figure 3 c).

From the perspective of potential soil amendment applications, the macro elements (Ca, P, K, Mg) are present at the highest levels in the base mixtures, with a decreasing trend after activation and modification.