Barely Significant

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The pooled analysis showed an increasing trend towards more pacemaker implantations in the TAVI group, but this difference was not statistically significant (OR 0.76; 95% CI: 0.48−1.19; p = 0.23; Figure 2 C).
The first interim analysis, at a median follow-up of 17.9 months, showed a statistically significant improvement in PFS (24-month PFS was 67.8% with pembrolizumab + CCRT versus 57.3% with placebo + CCRT) and a favorable trend in OS (HR = 0.73) for the combination pembrolizumab and CCRT compared with placebo and CCRT, with a manageable safety profile.
Although the results of this trial were largely dependent from a higher incidence of periprocedural myocardial infarction in patients in the invasive strategy group, and in the long turn patients in the conservative group showed a trend to more frequent coronary events and need for revascularization, these results question a purely ischemia-based strategy.
Valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (ViV-TAVR) has emerged in recent years as a novel alternative approach to conventional Redo surgical aortic valve replacement (Redo-SAVR) resulting in an increasing trend toward implantation of biological valves at primary surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), even in younger patients.