Excerpts

A highly significant correlation ( r = 0.99) between the means of ATP bioluminescence readings and the viable counts of total mesophilic aerobes was seen, thus revealing a strong association of these parameters with the level of surface contamination.

Conclusions In summary, the present study showed a negative secular trend in Mozambican youth’s habitual PA, as well as a negative trend for most PA domains.

Relatively few studies have demonstrated statistically significant [ 12 , 73 ] or marginally statistically significant improvements in medication adherence [ 30 , 74 , 78 ].

Corresponding to GWR model Land110 coefficient distribution ( Figure 6 c), Land110 promoted the HFRS incidence (the coefficients were positive), and the coefficient presented an increasing trend from the northwest to the southeast, which indicates the promoting role of Land110 was more effective in the southeast than in the northwest.

Only transport modes accessible within 3 km showed a trend towards increasing number of transport modes being associated with significantly higher odds of being an active commuter.

Unique bus routes and transport modes within walking distance showed a positive trend but having a high number of bus routes and three transport modes were not significantly associated with higher odds of meeting the recommendations of physical activity.

Discussion In our analysis using multiple linear models, modelled road traffic noise exposure was strongly associated with self-reported health status but not with the SF-36 mental score and borderline significant with the von Zerssen symptom score.

Non-elderly adults also have an increasing trend of CKD, which could be correlated to lifestyle and metabolic syndrome [ 25 ].

In the younger age group although most of the studies showed an increase in physical activity the change in obesity related outcomes such as BMI was only partially significant in one study or not significant in three studies [ 14 ].

Table 2 shows the relationships that were statistically significant or marginally statistically significant.

A trend analysis of the same municipalities revealed a statistically significant increasing trend for urogenital anomalies [excess relative risk (ERR) = 13.8; 95%CI = 5l8 to 22l5] and a decreasing trend for cardiovascular anomalies (ERR = −5.3; 95% CI = −9.4 to −1).

The study also detected a positive trend across WEI groups, but statistical significance was not reached.

Moreover, unimproved sanitation facilities remained borderline significant (OR 1.63; 95% CI 0.99–2.69).

Although the prevalence of alcohol use among Chinese students was lower than certain western countries, an increasing trend has been observed in the past decades, as could be explained by a number of interconnected reasons.

Assuming a non-null exposure-outcome relationship, if the amount of random exposure error were indeed lower for the nighttime exposure metrics compared to the metrics based on complete 24–48 h measurements, both an overall increase in the ORs among the exposed, and a positive trend in risk estimates across increasing exposure levels, would be expected in such analyses.

Generally, outcomes of telemedicine in cardiology practices seem to show a positive trend [ 3 ], but medical benefits need to be monitored [ 54 ].

Accompanying the rapid economic growth in China is an increasing trend in tobacco related morbidity and mortality, including lung cancer and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].

We see that the variable Baldrige positively moderates the technical efficiency achieved and is statistically quite significant.

Similarly, cardiovascular disease (including coronary heart disease, atherosclerotic heart disease, and stroke) has demonstrated an increasing trend in incidence, has become a serious threat to human health, is one of the most common diseases affecting the quality of life and is the leading cause of death worldwide [ 16 ].

The volume taken during a breastfeed was highly variable however, as would be expected, there was an overall trend to an increased volume of intake with increasing PMA.

Noise sensitivity and nature orientedness showed borderline significant associations with road-traffic noise annoyance.

With temperature rewarming, all blood lipid indicators, except HDL-C, presented a decreasing trend.

Adjusted odds ratios per 100 ppb increase in indoor TVOCs were slightly significant for upper respiratory syndrome (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.04–1.07), stuffy nose (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.01–1.02), dry throat (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.03–1.09) and lower respiratory syndrome (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.00–1.01), non-specific syndrome (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.02–1.05), tiredness (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01–1.04), angry easily (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01–1.04) and dizziness (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.00–1.02).

In most regions, an increasing trend in high or low temperature was associated with an increase in cardiovascular mortality, with variation in the magnitude of the temperature effects across regions.

The half-life of lead is up to 27 years in the bones and teeth, and approximately 30 days in the blood; the blood lead level has been reported to show a decreasing trend as children get older, largely owing to extension of the body volume during growth [ 11 ].