Excerpts

The landscape in the watershed showed a trend of fragmentation with a complex boundary.

The NP value changed little from 1974 to 1988 and maintained an increasing trend since 1988, strongly illustrating the spatial heterogeneity of the development trend and fragmentation of the total landscape.

All variables are highly significant to predict incidence rates.

However, there was a highly significant increase in the total number of cells associated with secondary bacterial infection in mice exposed to ETS that was not observed in the FA group ( Figure 4 ).

Although the amount of physical activity is less than the recommended 10 min bout [ 20 ], the volume may be significant when accumulated over the long run as found in one prospective study where by men had a 29% decrease in stroke risk associated with stair use [ 10 ].

The findings of thyroid cancer risk in the present study that showed a significantly increased risk in female workers and an increasing trend in male workers may reflect, at least in part, a possible over-diagnosis as well.

Results show that ecological risk in the study area has a positive correlation, and there is a decreasing trend with the increase of grain size both in 1995 and 2005.

incognita indicated highly significant differences at 100 g and 200 g chitin levels compared to the control plants.

mori 5 th instar larval muscle and silkgland showed an increasing trend over the corresponding experimental group of tissues and the increment was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001) over the experimental control ( Table 1 ).

For the high fish-consuming groups (riverine, urban, and rural communities) the correlations of maternal HHg and newborn HHg were all highly significant.

reported on the ALPNAP-study, where they found a clear trend of reduced risk of hypertension for participants with their bedroom facing a quiet yard [ 16 ].

Monthly differences were nearly significant at the 5% level ( Table 5 ).

Miller (2001) reported that small increases in concentration of sodium selenite can confer highly significant protection against oxidative damage [ 12 ].

Like for HAV, a decreasing trend in prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG is observed in the Netherlands from 46% in 1987 to 35% in 1995/1996 and 19% in 2007/2008 among women of reproductive age [ 10 ].

However, the fully adjusted ORs were still highly significant (boys: OR 2.85; 95% CI 2.00–4.07; girls: OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.34–2.32).

Using a computer model one study found that there may be significant radiologic and chemical exposure risk from gradual groundwater contamination [ 35 ].

However, an overall trend for increasing DDT* body burden was observed ( Figure. 1 ) and concentrations measured at experiment termination were significantly higher than those determined during the first seven exposure periods.

Lowest concentrations of chlorophyll were recorded at 2000mg/L Pb and 5mM EDTA and exhibited a decreasing trend specifically in the ranges of 1000 and 2000mg/L Pb and 1.0 and 5.0mM EDTA.

Two-way ANOVA results indicated that the effect of EDTA, Pb concentrations, and the interaction between Pb and EDTA on net photosynthesis were highly significant at the 1% level.

The mortality rates presented a decreasing trend in space with the increase of the distance from the mining and smelting area pollution sources.

The relationship between living with both parents and depressive symptoms approached significance for boys, with boys living with both parents less likely to exceed the BDI-II cutoff score.

showed highly significant associations between adult-onset atopic asthma among male farmers and agricultural uses of pesticides coumaphos (OR 2.34; 95% CI: 1.49–3.70), heptachlor (OR 2.01; 95% CI: 1.30–3.11), parathion (OR 2.05; 95% CI: 1.21–3.46), 80/20 mix (carbon tetrachloride/carbon disulfide) (OR 2.15; 95% CI: 1.23–3.76) and ethylene dibromide (OR 2.07; 95% CI: 1.02–4.20) [ 11 ].

For example, there is a strong trend in epidemiologic studies suggesting an association of ASDs with exposure to atmospheric mercury and cadmium.

These factors could be endogenous or exogenous, and determining which of these risk factors might be significant requires further research.

Taiwan’s enactment of the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act in 2009 represents an encouraging trend, and the government plans to tackle tobacco control even more aggressively in the coming years.