Excerpts

Interventions implemented after the pandemic also showed a positive trend but did not reach statistical significance [ d = 0.39, 95% CI (-0.11, 0.89), P = 0.12].

Can he still be considered an expert on the topic of forensics and profiling? Or was he more like a pseudo-expert all along? If experts could be reliably recognized as such, there would be no discussion about a current “crisis of expertise.” Yet, some have noted a worrying trend in our current intellectual environment: actual experts are sometimes ignored and dismissed, while non-experts tend to pose as and take the place of genuine experts ( Nichols, 2017 ; Eyal, 2019 ).

One of our correlation results also showed a positive trend between greater activation in the left MOG and slower reaction time in the semantic-related condition relative to the perceptual control condition.

Thus, there is an increasing trend toward a democratic style of authority with a pedagogical purpose ( Brandoni, 2017 ; Freire, 2002 ) in which rules are reasoned and agreed with the students.

Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis Table 2 shows that the child emotional and physical maltreatment showed moderately significant negative correlations with self-esteem and moderately significant positive correlations with depression and bullying.

Crucially, the marginally significant effect of Rhotic Allophone: trill (again with a negative estimate) suggests that for native German listeners fewer target fixations were made if the target was produced with the alveolar trill than when it was produced with the uvular fricative.

The interaction with L1 French just fails to reach significance and is likely contingent on the lack of difference between L1 French and native German speakers.

Athlete 1 exhibited continuous increase in the happiness rating for one EC coach while the happiness rating for the other two coaches fluctuated in an increasing trend ( Figure 2A ); meanwhile, the anger ratings for the three coaches fluctuated in a decreasing trend ( Figure 2B ).

As task difficulty increased, all four eye-tracking indicators associated with the hoop—total fixation duration, number of fixations, total duration of visits, and total duration of glances—exhibited a decreasing trend.

For three of the four latent factors, it was: General Wellbeing, Engagement, and Social Trust; the fourth, Self-confidence (in one’s thinking), showed a trend.

In a study that examined the effects of a mindfulness meditation program conducted within a smart garden among patients in a daycare hospital, participants showed a significant reduction in depression and anxiety, whereas their quality of life showed a positive trend, although this was not statistically significant ( Kim and Lee, 2023 ).

However, the relatively lower mean score for this factor (M = 3.48) compared to the AI-interaction factors is highly significant.

More specifically, we found a positive association between perceived procedural justice and trust in judges ( β =0.37) and the grade respondents gave their trust in judges ( β =0.32), a marginally significant association between perceived procedural justice and self-esteem ( β =0.18), and a negative association between perceived procedural justice and protest intentions ( β =−0.15).

Discussion of the Findings The results indicated that the development centre had a practically significant impact on the self-efficacy levels of the intervention group.

Results also show that constant stimuli generated the largest errors in both auditory and visual inputs, and a possible trend according to which performance would improve with more complex stimuli.

In summary, the name-uniqueness indices based on name-character frequency and name-length deviation produced similar findings: an increasing trend of name uniqueness in China over the past decades, especially since the 1970s.

Somewhat unexpectedly, there is also research showing a decreasing trend of individualist values in China from 1990 to 2007 ( Santos et al., 2017 ).

It should be noted that the relation between children’s lying and inhibitory control is marginally significant.

For both one-year and three-year embeddings, good leader terms had a significant trend for leader names, with good leader terms more associated with men but becoming increasingly associated with female leaders over time.

For instance, there was a notable trend showing lower perceived performance in the text-only condition.

Highly significant increases were recorded between pre- and post-test scores in all investigated items of the theory of planned behavior scales and the TPACK short scale.

As described in the Supplementary Materials , we observed significant interactions between the geographic regions and publication periods concerning only the topic of neuroscience of visual search, which exhibited an increasing trend in North-Central America, a decreasing trend in Asia, and remained unchanged in Europe.

Moreover, we observed an increasing trend of neuroscience topics across publication periods.

This is a positive trend, as sports training can have a positive impact on both the physical and mental development of children ( Liersch et al., 2025 ; Yakushina et al., 2024 ; Ríos-Garit et al., 2024 ).

On the low level of favoritism, children demonstrated a decreasing trend in the percentage of participants for both parents (83.57%) and close peers (74.29%), and it was also found that there was a decrease in the percentage of participation for close peers in the low level of favoritism compared to the medium level of favoritism items ( Table 3 ).