Excerpts

Among fourth graders [ F (5, 137) = 19.53, p < 0.001, adjusted R 2 = 0.395], Teacher Support was the only factor significantly associated with SEC ( B = 0.305, p < 0.001), while School Support ( B = 0.154, p = 0.063) and Family Support ( B = 0.148, p = 0.075) approached but did not reach significance.

The age factor showed a highly significant effect, with an OR indicating that syllable accuracy increased by a factor of 1.65.

Child directed is the weakly significant correlation of the latter with BAT which assesses beat perception, i.e., a measure of rhythmic performance.

The impact that AI-based surveillance has on perceived autonomy (β = –0.373) and distress (β = 0.257) is both medium-range, which means that surveillance is not just a statistically significant nuisance, but a practically significant cause of psychological damage.

However, under medium to high levels of teacher support, the positive predictive effect of MAQ on mathematics learning engagement gradually strengthened, exhibiting an increasing trend with rising teacher support.

Secure attachment ( β = 20.16, p < 0.10), immature defense ( β = −59.33, p < 0.10) mechanisms and the interaction between secure attachment × mature defense mechanisms ( β = −3.73, p < 0.10) were only marginally significant.

Some studies also indicate a slight trend that older teachers more frequently select training programs related to digitalization ( Annemann et al., 2025 ; Rotermund et al., 2017 ).

Most studies adopted multidimensional assessment frameworks, typically integrating at least three domains (e.g., “physical + fitness + technical”), reflecting an increasing trend toward indicator integration in soccer talent identification.

Taken together, these findings indicate that handcrafted milk tea consumption is highly prevalent among college students and that excessive consumption shows an increasing trend.

Its intervention effect was most prominent in the Algorithmic and Modeling dimension (ηp 2 = 0.216, large effect) and also showed a moderately significant effect in the Abstraction and Decomposition dimension (ηp 2 = 0.120, medium effect).

Self-actualization accounted for 3.7% which was not quite significant.

Consequently, thinking patterns and questioning abilities are evolving into core competencies in the AI age, making accurate assessment and cultivation of PPA theoretically and practically significant.

As shown in Table 9 , the indirect effect of moral leadership on work engagement through professional efficacy is not only positive but highly significant, with an effect size of 0.348 and a 95% confidence interval [0.246, 0.477] that completely excludes zero.

One-tailed paired t-tests to test preregistered hypotheses showed a significantly greater arousal level for the asynchronous than the synchronous condition for the third person perspective [t(41) = −2.21, p- uncorrected = 0.016, d = −0.34], but only a trend toward significance for the first-person perspective [t(41) = −1.54, p- uncorrected = 0.066, d = −0.24].

The t-test results further showed that for overall score, rigor, and significance, the ratings generated through collaboration were significantly consistent with expert judgments, while the differences in originality and conventions approached significance, indicating improved criterion alignment and more coherent evaluative reasoning under collaborative conditions.

The age difference between groups was only marginally significant, with L2 learners tending to be slightly older; this warrants further refinement in future work.

From the perspective of the Job Demands–Resources model ( Bakker and Demerouti, 2017 ; Bakker et al., 2023 ), we examine adaptability, job crafting, and strengths use behaviors as work–related personal resources and valued characteristics that contribute to optimal employee functioning, control over job processes and the work environment, and may be significant to employees’ perceptions of employability in the labor market. 2.2.

All models reached highly significant F -values ( F > 592.052), and the standardized coefficients all exceed 0.65, meeting the criteria for strong effects.

Nevertheless, no significant relationship emerged between perceived cooperative relations and sociability, whereas the correlation with morality was only marginally significant.

Considering duration, a non-significant, trivial difference was apparent between the planned and actual duration overall, with a mean difference of 1.6 ± 9.8 min ( Table 3 and Figure 3 ).

The interaction of age and type of task was only marginally significant (with means of 2,074, 985, and 950 ms in young and 2,507, 1,472, and 1,565 ms in old for ventral, mixed, and dorsal tasks respectively), F (2, 124) = 2.56, p = 0.08. 3.16.3 Imagery error rates Old participants made overall more errors than the young (with means of 18% and of 15%, respectively), F (1, 62) = 7.29, p = 0.009.

The vigor scores also showed an increasing trend, although the change did not reach statistical significance.

This may be significant because the shame is not merely about specific behaviors but about one’s fundamental identity and worth as a person. 1.4.5.

Another lesson commented upon by the designers of MTG is that not every detail will matter to every user, but the most minor detail may be significant to some.

A clear trend toward the increasing use of Bronfenbrenner's theory was observed.