Excerpts

Leaf out was delayed 1.83 days (SE 0.69) in thermokarst troughs compared to thermokarst tops ( t 55 = 2.66, P = 0.049) but presented 1.32 days (SE 0.50) earlier in thermokarst tops than control tops, though this was also found to be only marginally significant ( t 55 = 2.64, P = 0.051).

After exposure to GLVs for 9 h a strong trend of lower weight gain in GLV-exposed larvae was observed ( P < 0.051) and at 12 h the difference between the two treatments was significant ( P < 0.025).

The fly model with all plant species revealed a marginally significant interaction between community type (observed vs. null) and seep index [ F ( 3, 24 ) = 4.21, P = 0.0511], with the observed mean Δ S t exhibiting a marginally significant decline with seep index ( t = −2.05, P = 0.0511) with no relationship between the null mean Δ S t and seep index ( t = 0.03, P = 0.9740) ( Figure 4B ).

For the fully expanded leaves, the difference was much larger and there was a marginally significant interaction between heat and drought (p=0.052), suggesting that the effect of heat on LT was greater in combination with drought ( Figures 1C, D ).

However, marginal significance between genetic and geographic distances (β D = 0.181, P = 0.052) was found based on the total data, suggesting that IBD could have played an important role in shaping the population genetic divergence of Taiwan cow-tail fir.

Phenotypic plasticity and integration had a marginally significant positive relationship in the low-latitude garden ( Figure 5 ; F 1, 26 = 4.16, P = 0.052) and non-significant in the high-latitude garden ( Figure 5 ; F 1, 26 = 0.16, P = 0.688).

The susceptible cultivars had significantly more disease than the resistant cultivars at days 21 and 27, and the difference was nearly significant ( P = 0.0524) at day 24.

Overall, these relationships were close to being significant (multivariate linear regression: p = 0.053).

americana , F v / F m exhibited a strong trend (one-way ANOVA with repeated measures, P = 0.0534; Table 2 ) for differences between treatments over time.

Results We found a marginally significant positive effect of leaf removal on total leaf-level autumn photosynthesis ( p = 0.054, df = 1), which amounted to ~14% higher total leaf-level autumn photosynthesis upon 75% leaf removal ( Figure 2 ; Supplementary Figure 5 ; Supplementary Table 4 ).

Pepton displayed a tendency, almost significant, to improve ( p = 0.054) total fruit production both in control and NEC plants, thus showing an additive effect to low N priming in boosting fruit production.

Transition Rates—Visible Patterning For human-visible patterning, a model with one hidden rate was supported over a model without hidden rates ( Table 1 ), though the likelihood-ratio test was only marginally significant (P = 0.054).

A nearly significant association was also found between low June temperature and growth ( p = 0.054).

The global test of the effect of host species nested within soil type on the ECM root tip community was marginally insignificant ( p = 0.054), yet pairwise comparisons revealed significant clustering was due to differences between S. almon and S. inappendiculata on the clay side of the ecotone ( p = 0.03), but not between S. almon and S. acuta on the sand side of the ectone ( p = 0.67).

Soil volumetric water content exhibited a weak and marginally significant positive relationship with soil respiration ( R 2 = 0.078, P = 0.054; Figure 5 ).

3 Results 3.1 Impacts of ecosystem engineers on the growth of associated plants The microhabitat type had significant effects (marginally significant for L. longifolium in the DML population; P = 0.054) on both individual height and mass for all study species in all populations, except for L. perenne mass parameters in the YLS population ( Table 1 ; Figure 2 ).

Similarly the A/Ci curves did not reveal significant differences, although TPU limitation difference between AA and FA plants was close to significance (P = 0.055; Figure 3B ; Table 1 ).

We further found a marginally significant interaction between aphid treatment and plant variety on total chlorophyll content ( F 6 , 45 = 2.25, P = 0.056), where high and low aphid densities reduced chlorophyll content only in Clemson variety but had no effect on other okra varieties ( Figure 5C ).

Though marginally significant ( P = 0.056), the DT group had a higher g s under MWD compared to WW conditions (Supplementary Figure S2D ), suggesting a sustained g s may enhance carbon gain (Caldeira et al., 2014 ; Tardieu et al., 2014 ), and subsequently crop yield (Fischer et al., 1998 ; Lu et al., 1998 ), under mild stress conditions.

Contrastingly, MR show a marginally significant signal ( p = 0.056; Table 2 ) and is the only growth form to have a statistically significant correlation between PC2 of climate and PC2 of morphology ( p = 0.029; Figure 5D ; Table 2 ).

The simple main effects analysis of F q '/F m ' did reveal a trend towards lower values under e[CO 2 ] with a marginally significant treatment effect (F(1, 171) = 3.71, p = .056) due to larger variance during this final growth stage.

FytoSave ® only led to a near-significant reduction in the number of galls for this pathosystem ( p = 5.65 × 10 –2 ).

At Gatton in 2015 and 2016 where only mild lodging occurred, there was a near-significant higher order interaction ( p = 0.057) of row spacing with season, PGR application and cultivar for grain yield.

Interestingly, frass produced was negatively correlated with SOD ( r = −0.310, p = 0.038), but had marginally non-significant negative correlation with APX ( r = −0.286, p = 0.057).

The expression of RiMST2 and RiPT in the +M plants showed a similar trend to P status, with significant or marginally significant ( P = 0.058) decreases by LP in the late growth stage but no significant effects in the early growth stage.