Excerpts

Interestingly, BCFs of Se (IV) in turnip roots were relatively stable but showed a decreasing trend (from 14.82 to 6.22) with increasing Se concentrations (from 0.2 to 2 mg kg −1 DW) (Figure 3B ).

At atmospheric [CO 2 ] the water regime significantly affected SB, A, g s , C i /C a , N, and δ 18 O, and the effect for δ 13 C ( P = 0.068) and δ 15 N ( P = 0.057) approached significance, whereas at high [CO 2 ] the water regime significantly affected all the traits except δ 18 O.

In contrast, when the Vrn genes were active (i.e., under the SD-NV conditions), the association with the major QTL 33 located on the linkage group 5A-2 in the same region as the Vrn-A1 locus was highly significant for all tillering traits (from 21 to 33%), except for RATE.

The relative level of GA 4 exhibited an increasing trend at the transition from endodormancy to ecodormancy and displayed a similar expression pattern of genes related to GA metabolism, PmGA20ox2 , PmGA3ox1, PmGID1b , in both Japanese apricot and transgenic poplar.

It may be too strict to use α = 0.05 for further analysis, so we examined the marginally significant association signals by using α = 1.

The analysis of variance for quantitative morphological traits revealed that mean sums of square values were highly significant and hence used for further analysis ( Supplementary Table S2 ).

Grain weight at G3 differed significantly between cultivars from the 3rd to the 6th spikelet, and there was an increasing trend from the 1950s to 2010s.

Some common highly significant correlations among components of the same chemical family were found in all groups of plant materials.

Effect of Osmotic Stress on Levels of Lipid Peroxidation The contents of MDA, H 2 O 2 , OH • and O 2 •- of both varieties presented an increasing trend with increasing exposure to osmotic stress.

The soluble protein and soluble sugar contents of both varieties showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the stress time increasing ( Figures 1A – D ).

For larger gene sets, the AUSR may be significant even when the underlying co-expression strength is moderate.

Whilst irx9 showed a trend toward slight down regulation of xylan synthetic genes, and irx14 showed a general trend for a small increase, we inferred that the plants were likely not exactly developmentally matched.

The main outcome of girdling on the NSC content in coarse roots was a highly significant decrease in starch content irrespective of soil moisture treatment and GD, whereas soluble sugars were nearly always not significantly different from controls in both soil moisture treatments ( Figure 4 ).

Significant differences between drought and control groups was first observed at time point D21 (ANOVA, p < 0.05, Supplementary Table 9 in Supplementary Presentation 5 ) and highly significant differences appeared since time point D22 (ANOVA, p -value ranging from 3.066E-06 to 0.019, Supplementary Table 9 in Supplementary Presentation 5 ).

Introduction In the context of global warming, there is an increasing trend for the cultivation of crops with tropical and subtropical origins, such as maize, soybean, Miscanthus or Sorghum also in temperate climates, e.g., in Central Europe.

Interestingly, we also found a clear trend: higher was the number of genome sites that were modified in plants including SGR1 gene targeted, the greater was the green portion in the cross-section of the fruit.

In the analysis of variance for the three traits, highly significant variations for genotypes (G) and environments (E) and significant variation for genotype-by-environment interaction were found (Table 3 ).

An increasing trend in weight, size, soluble solids, and anthocyanin were consistent with the phase transition from green-hard (0 DAA) to green-soft (50 DAA), pink-soft (60 DAA), and red-soft (80 DAA) developmental stages ( Supplementary Figure S6 ).

A probability level of P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant and P -values ≥ 0.05 and < 0.1 as marginally significant.

Regardless of the type of promoter (moderator) used to overexpress the DREB transcription factor, a combined average positive effect of 72% was observed on soluble sugar content ( Figure 9A ), although the effect of “other” promoters was not significant while the effect of the 35s promoter was highly significant.

The differences between cultivars were highly significant for all the three plant parts, where “Red sonnet” was characterized by the greater dry weight (shoots +102%, leaves +81%, and flowers +96%) than “Yellow flower showers.” Plant total aboveground dry weight was significantly higher in both doses compared to the control: from 0 to 0.1 g L −1 dose dry weight increased by 15%, whereas from 0 to 0.2 g L −1 by 10%.

In the case of early-flowering species, non-significant results were also found for all other traits, whereas the tests were significant or marginally significant for late-flowering species, indicating stronger differences between the optimal and projected temperatures in the future in this plant group (Figure 4 , Table 5 ).

The quantile diagnostic plots showed a trend toward normal distribution for the population means of TS, Height, SPGR, and Shape, while bimodal normal distributions were observed for the means of TTY, ATW, Vigor and Infl/plant (Supplementary Figure 1 ).

Leachate Measurement of nitrate leaching showed a clear trend of increased leaching when faba bean was grown as a precrop compared to barley ( Figures 4 , 5 ).

Wheat straw application resulted in a positive trend of winter barley yield under higher N conditions ( Figure 3A ), which could be either caused by remineralization of immobilized N during the growing season, but also due to decomposition and subsequent N release contained in the wheat straw itself ( Di and Cameron, 2002 ).