Excerpts

The replication parameter did not produce any significant difference in the dependent variables, and the interaction between replication and treatment was weakly significant only for two parameters.

Interestingly, although the abundance of Prevotella was found to increase with age, OTUs belonging to genus Prevotella (OTU_2, OTU_3 and OTU_540650), which was enriched in the UR cohort, were found to show an increasing trend with age, while OTU_33 (belonging to the same genus), enriched in the TR cohort, was observed to have a decreasing trend with age.

In urban areas, there is an increasing trend of increase in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, immune and metabolic diseases (including obesity and diabetes), and associated health issues.

These homologies were barely significant with the 10 best hits, identity percentages in amino acids varying between 24.7 and 23.9%, query coverages between 24 and 25%, and e-values ranging between 2e-15 and 3e-15 ( Supplementary File S1 ).

coli 1320 that carried both bla NDM– 5 and mcr-1 displayed a highly significant synergistic response to this combination across the range of drug concentrations tested, with a clear peak at 0.5 mg/L tigecycline and 1 or 2 mg/L colistin ( Figure 2A ).

Selection on Firmicutes Compared with the NC group, as shown in this study, Virginiamycin extremely significantly decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the cecum of broilers aged 21 days, and this shift was accompanied by an extremely significant decrease in Clostridium_perfringens and increases in Anaerofustis by several times.

P -value < 0.05 and < 0.01 indicated statistically significant and extremely significant, respectively.

The estimation of the different allelic frequencies revealed a highly significant deficit of heterozygosity for the four species.

The ability of intimin to also bind β–integrins may be significant in this regard ( Phillips and Frankel, 2000 ).

coli strains from a pediatric patient with a history of travel to the Far East countries strongly highlight an increasing trend and risk of importation from such areas.

While there was a clear trend suggesting that P. aeruginosa strains were more pathogenic than K. pneumoniae which in turn was more pathogenic than A. baumannii , there was strain to strain variation not just in terms of ability to kill C. elegans but also in terms of food aversion and clearance.

ostreatus metabolites under continuous heat stress demonstrated that amino acids continuously changed with heat stress, nucleotides clearly changed with heat stress at 12 and 48 h, and lipids exhibited an increasing trend with prolonged heat stress, while few types saccharides and vitamins changed under heat stress.

For example, the only reaction which always shows an increasing trend (shown by ∗ in Table 4 ) is R06977 .

Also, a significant decrease of Faecalibacterium in patients with CD is often described as highly significant ( Sokol et al., 2008 , 2016 ; Rajca et al., 2014 ; Takahashi et al., 2016 ).

aureus and an increasing trend, many research efforts have begun to shift the focus on how to reduce the virulence of S. aureus instead of the traditional through removing pathogens.

In contrast, supplementation with AY showed a trend toward decreased Succiniclasticum when compared to CON ( Figure 1 ).

The role of BH 4 may be significant in lipogenesis, but no direct biochemical evidence has confirmed the importance of BH 4 in lipogenesis.

An increasing trend was also observed for the other main OTUs, such as Enterococcus , Caldicoprobacter and vadinBC27 ( Rikenellaceae ) ( Figure 2A ).

In the present study, a significant trend can be observed of increase in the relative expression of CqNCED1 , CqABCG25 , and CqRD22 , with respect to zero time, in E+ individuals compared to E− individuals under current water availability conditions (W−).

When focusing on the dominant types (D2 and E2), we observed a clear trend that the diversity (D2) was lower in stage II (mean values; ASV: 4.6, Rsa I: 2.5 and Msp I: 3.5) compared with stage I (mean values; ASV: 6.1, Rsa I: 4.7 and Msp I: 5.8).

No significant differences in worm burden ( Supplementary Figure S7A and Supplementary Table S11 ) and pairing rate ( Supplementary Figure S7B and Supplementary Table S11 ) were observed among the three groups, although a decreasing trend in worm burden could be detectable in the SjPhb1 dsRNA treatment group ( Supplementary Figure S7A and Supplementary Table S11 ).

The analyses revealed that chemotherapy was a highly significant factor leading to IFI breakthrough [OR 95% CI: 15.46 (2.48–96.40)].

Expression was confirmed for the known effector Ecp6 and the putative effector SIX13-like, and showed a trend of increased expression during biotrophy.

Transcriptional levels of most cellulase and xylanase-encoding genes exhibited an increasing trend during the induction time.

The sensory scores of all samples showed a decreasing trend during refrigerated storage (15 days).