Excerpts

The results of a recent study conducted in Beijing, China indicate an increasing trend of type 2 lineage ( Zhao et al., 2015 ), although it is not yet clear whether the type-shift phenomenon from type 1 to 2 is occurring.

Delaying antifungal therapy appears to be a common practice, and the impact on mortality may be significant with catheter related infections.

Alpha and Beta Diversity Patterns At the taxonomic and phylogenetic level, the alpha diversity of bacterial communities (randomly selected 4,000 sequences per sample) did not show an apparent trend along the elevation gradient ( Figure 3 ), which is consistent with our previous results (454 data in Shen et al., 2013 ).

The organization of the banding patterns in the dendrogram as a result of the UPGMA method and DICE correlation show a clear trend of grouping by type of olive fermentations (Gordal or Manzanilla).

minutus EPS showed an increasing trend after UVBR.

Abundance and Community Composition of the N Cycling Microbial Communities The numbers of N cycling community genes ( nifH , AOA -amoA , AOB -amoA, nirK, nirS and nosZ ) generally presented an increasing trend along the time sequences.

JC1 showed a trend toward inhibition of V. anguillarum with ZOIs ranging from 2.7 to 3.3 mm ( Figures 5A,E ; Supplementary Figures S2E – H ) although, a one-way ANOVA determined that the ZOIs were not statistically different ( F 3,60 = 2.553, P = 0.0639).

Second, even though research indicates that the accuracy of electrical sensing is comparable to that of DLS and TEM technologies, the combination with other non-electrical sensing techniques during measurements will be an interesting trend.

These shifts were characterized by a decline in all treatments at 11:30 h compared to in situ data, (most apparent in the PA treatment), followed by an increasing trend in samples from the afternoon ( Figure 2 ; Supplementary Table S1 ).

In these cases, the EET might be no or only a minor mode of energy generation but will rather consume additional resources and provide the involved species a short time but possibly significant selection advantage.

For instance in one study, having a BMI > 30 was linked to increased free glycogen in vaginal fluid, although this relationship was only marginally significant (Mirmonsef et al., 2014 ).

abortus lineage, have been revealed which may be significant in understanding the emergence of B. abortus as a host specific pathogen.

have been shown to integrate oxidative stress responses and sterigmatocystin/aflatoxin biosynthesis regulation (Sakamoto et al., 2008 , 2009 ; Lara-Rojas et al., 2011 ; Roze et al., 2011 , 2013 ; Hong et al., 2013a , b ), also displayed some marginally significant increases in expression in NRRL3357 and AF13 (Figure S2 ).

Similarly, an increasing trend in the Chao1 estimates of species richness was observed postpartum, which began to plateau at around 20,000 sequences per sample (Figure 1 ).

aeruginosa PG1 revealed that there was an increasing trend in degradation for every successive week up to the fifth week (81.8%) whereas minimum (40.36%) was recorded in the first week (Figure 2 ).

Within a typical bacterial Raman spectrum ( Ciobotǎ et al., 2010 ; Majed and Gu, 2010 ), the presence of PHB granules was indicated by the bands at 837 and 1058 cm -1 (C-C stretching), and especially by the highly significant band at 1741 cm -1 (C=O stretching; compare PHB reference spectrum in Figure 6C with spectrum 2 in Figure 6B ).

This study indicates that freshwater lakes may be significant reservoirs of Ice+ P. syringae .

Primer pair 341f/785r detected a significant lower taxon richness in the TNT-contaminated bulk soil samples (565 ± 12) compared to the non-contaminated bulk soil (622 ± 5) and rhizosphere samples (641 ± 14), while the other primer pairs detected only a decreasing trend (Supplementary Table 3 ).

In the 12 C DIC - and 13 C DIC -amended core and slurry incubations, methane concentrations did not show a clear trend over time.

The ratio of iso/anteiso -2OH-C 15:0 ( Table 1 ) shows overall an increasing trend from 0°C to 20°C, however, the ratio value of the 10°C culture falls out of this trend due to the lower amount of anteiso -2OH-C 15:0 .

A positive and highly significant correlation (0.85 ∗∗∗ ) between the disease severity and the disease incidence with respect to humidity and temperature was observed in all cotton growing areas of Pakistan ( Figure 2A ).

Guanosine, cytosine, glycocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, acetylcholine, equol, N1-acetylspermidine, caffeine, glycine, phenylacetylglycine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and α-D-glucose showed an increasing trend at dpi 3 but normalized to control levels by dpi 7 (Figure 4 and Table 1 ).

Specifically, a total of six saturated and unsaturated long chain fatty acids, 2 acylcarnitines, 3 branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and their derivatives (L-α-hydroxyisovaleric acid, α-ketoisovaleric acid, and 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid), phenylalanine and its derivatives (trans-cinnamic acid, dopamine, and 4-aminosalicylic acid), tryptophan derivatives (kynurenine, quinolinic acid, and isonicotinic acid), urea, uric acid, allantoin, p -cresol sulfate, creatine, creatinine, and bilirubin showed an elevated trend at both dpi 3 and 7 (Figure 4 and Table 1 ).

Although there was no significant difference in the volumes of control and breads with levan from uncontrolled pH and pH 4.5, an increasing trend was noticed, while a significant increase ( p < 0.001) was observed with levan from pH 5.5 and 6.5 ( Figure 6A ).