Excerpts

Statistical analysis software (Microsoft Excel 2016) was used to analyze the statistical significance of the experimental data, and p < 0.05 indicated a significant difference and p < 0.01 indicated a highly significant difference.

The protozoan grazing-mediated mortality of the LNA subgroup (PMM-L) did not show a clear trend along the transect, although a significant difference was found between layers (paired t -test, P < 0.05), with the surface value of each station generally higher than its subsurface counterpart ( Figures 3C,D ).

The average viral load of NcPSRV-1 in 2017 was significantly different with the result of 2018 ( t = 2.2674, df = 93.80, p = 0.0257), 2019 ( t = 3.4409, df = 90.03, p = 0.0009), and 2020 ( t = 5.1243, df = 65.55, p = 0.0001; Figure 5 ), indicating a clear trend of increasing in N. cincticeps laboratory population A, not only the number of infective 5th instar nymphs but also the average viral load in population A.

The differences between NTM species can be quite significant, and likely impacts where they have a niche and thus where they are most likely to present a public health threat.

Similarly, in all treatments SOD activity in leaf and root tissues of both sugarcane varieties showed an increasing trend till 60 DAI and then declined ( Figures 5A,B ).

There was a notable trend toward ST8 strains responding differently to antibiotics in comparison to ST5 and other (ST30, ST72, ST97, and ST188) strains, though the differences were not statistically significant due to the relatively small sample size of each sequence type.

0.05 > P > 0.01 was significant and marked with ∗ ; P < 0.01 was extremely significant and marked with ∗∗ .

p < 0.01 (**) was considered highly significant.

As shown in Figure 5C , the SDH activity of the control group varied across a narrow range, while the SDH activity in this group treated with linalool showed an increasing trend in 0–1 h, and then decreased to minimum value of 13.3136 and 7.3933 U/mg prot, respectively.

Actinobacteria exhibited an increasing trend under climate warming ( Rui et al., 2015 ), which meant Actinobacteria could be better able to adapt to warming.

An important aspect to bear in mind is those target proteins identified as essential may be significant for bacterial survival only under laboratory conditions and not in the infection process ( Zuniga et al., 2015 ).

Here, there was a decreasing trend of bacterial richness going from the normal tissue to peritumoral and tumoral tissues, which indicated that as the microenvironment of a tumor is altered, it becomes unsuitable for colonization with specific bacterial.

Figure 7B shows that the K hib level of FoFGB1 was highly significant in the mycelial stage and was not associated with protein abundance.

However, an increasing prevalence of MDR Salmonella resistant toward clinically important antimicrobials such as fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins highlights a worrying trend toward Salmonella infections that are increasingly difficult to treat with antibiotics ( Jajere, 2019 ).

As shown in Figure 5A , a significant trend toward separation was observed between every pair of groups.

Changes in dehydrogenase activity throughout the experiment had a decreasing trend, being consistent with the notions reported by Chen et al.

A highly significant phytoplankton group for global marine biogeochemistry, Cyanophyceae, especially Prochlorococcus , was recorded in high abundance from most of the surface and DCM waters ( Figure 9 ).

Through the results, it was concluded that nutrient concentration presented a decreasing trend from the area near the estuary to the area far away from the estuary.

The ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeota are conspicuously present in all three environments, and their diversity gradient reflects an overall trend of greatest archaeal diversity in soil (Nitrososphaerales, Nitrosotaleales, and Nitrosopumilales), reduced diversity in freshwater biofilms (Nitrososphaerales) and lowest diversity in estuarine water (Nitrosopumilales).

The results showed a trend of consistently decreasing average HSI for all nineteen SARS-CoV-2 probes.

Such external factors, which in the case of bacterial interactions may be mediated by signaling compounds (e.g., Weiss et al., 2019 ), are generally poorly known yet likely to be highly significant in driving the dynamics of cyanobacterial blooms as well as their rapid coevolution (“arms race”) with their microbial neighbors.

Apart from that, MRSA has exhibited an increasing trend in numerous countries and emerged as an important pathogen accounting for up to 40% of all S. aureus isolates in nosocomial infection and caused significant morbidity ( Graveland et al., 2011 ).

Moving to the anthesis stage, phylum Actinobacteria had a highly significant positive correlation with EC, and a significant negative correlation with NH 4 + -N and NO 3 - -N.

( 2017 ) also demonstrated that microbial families belonging to Verrucomicrobiaceae and Enterobacteriaceae showed a trend toward increased abundance in helminth-infected individuals, but Leuconostocaceae and Bacteroidaceae showed a relative increase in helminth-negative and treated patients, respectively.

The former showed an increasing trend, while the latter showed a decreasing trend ( Figure 4 ).