Excerpts

Differences were considered to be significant at p < 0.05 and highly significant at p < 0.01.

Highly significant differences were noted for CD62L, LAP, IL-10, CTLA-4, HLA-DR, GARP, Helios (p<0.01) and for ICOS, CD39, CCR7(p<0.05).

Significant differences were observed for TNF , IL-6 , and IL-10 , with TNF showing highly significant elevations in REAC and WR groups (p ≤ 0.01) under antigenic stimulation.

Statistical tests on original estimates found a significant effect of Age on all alpha diversity measures, and post-hoc tests confirmed a highly significant increase in diversity between P7 and all other time points (p<0.01), with an additional modest but significant increase between P14 and P24 in Shannon index and observed reads (p<0.05).

We limited our analysis to highly significant pathways with a p < 0.01, which resulted in 10, 26, and 33 pathways for the 1-, 3-, and 6-h time points, respectively ( Table 3 ).

Cyt C content in the cytoplasm of the SeNPs-treated group (PDCoV+SeNPs) was significantly lower compared with the PDCoV group, and the differences were all highly significant ( P < 0.01), while the SeNPs-treated group was significant ( P < 0.05) at 6 h compared with the Control group.

065) showed positive trends that approached significance, the composite inflammatory ratios exhibited stronger associations: NLR correlated positively with AD status (ρ = 0. 045, P = 0. 010), as did PLR (ρ = 0. 050, P = 0. 005).

To analyze the correlation between two variables, Spearman’s correlation test was used ( * significant value, P < 0.05, ** highly significant value, P < 0.01).

CIS ( p< 0.05), among which 125 metabolites showed highly significant differences ( p< 0.01); the abundance of 53 of these 125 metabolites increased significantly, whereas that of 72 metabolites decreased significantly.

Notable positive correlations were observed: XBP1 showed a highly significant positive correlation with PcSOD3 (correlation coefficient = 0.00**, p < 0.01), suggesting coordinated expression in maintaining cellular homeostasis during stress.

Similarly, prognostic risk factors such as AFP, PT and tumor volume were approximately significant, with higher AIDRS correlating with increased risk ( P ≤ 0.01 ) ( Figures 8F–H ).

To further illustrate these differences, the intensity distributions of the most highly significant lipid species (p-value <0.010, q-value <0.100) are presented in Supplementary Figure 2 .

Moreover, when examining the treatment modalities during rechallenge, combination therapy showed a trend toward longer PFS (7.4 vs . 2.9 months, HR = 0.33, 95%CI = 0.05–0.54, p = 0.01) and OS (11.0 vs . 5.0 months, HR = 0.34, 95%CI = 0.06–0.80, p = 0.03) compared with cadonilimab monotherapy ( Figures 3E, F ).

Among the subgroups, the difference in the pooled ORR was highly significant (p<0.01).

The gut antioxidant parameters of wild and cultured Amur grayling showed highly significant differences ( p < 0.01).

Noteworthy, Th17/Treg ratio was increased but did not reach statistical significance [0.60, (-0.04,1.24), p<0.01].

Meta-analysis showed that maternal circulating sHLA-G concentration was not significantly associated with RIF (SMD -0.81, 95%CI -2.84~-1.21, p-value=0.432) with extremely significant heterogeneity (I 2 = 95.4%, p-value<0.01) ( Figure 6 and Supplementary Table 6 ).

In the skin ( Figure 2B ), a moderate increase in SOD activity was detected at 12 hpi ( p< 0.05), followed by highly significant differences at 24 and 48 hpi ( p< 0.01), which returned to baseline levels by 72 hpi ( p> 0.05).

The results were expressed as the means ± standard deviations (SD), ns represents no statistical difference between the two groups, * represents significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05), and ** represents extremely significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01).

Linear regression analysis provided several nominally significant (p < 0.01) metabolic changes between the two groups in diabetic individuals ( Table 2 ).

Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences (p < 0.01) in IL-6 and TNF-a compared to the model group in all nine groups with different dose combinations of high, medium and low.

The differences were significant when p < 0.05 and highly significant when p < 0.01.

A significant difference was defined as P < 0.05, and a highly significant difference was defined as P < 0.01.

We found that 89 pathways ( Figure 7D ) were different (P<0.05), and 23 of them were highly significant (P<0.01).

Difference between two groups was considered as significant at * p < 0.05 or highly significant at ** p < 0.01.