Excerpts

The glutelin content, a major component of rice protein, also had a highly significant negative correlation with taste value, which may affect the hardness of cooked rice [ 3 ].

The ability to incorporate up to 30% whey without substantial loss of nutritional functionality represents a practically significant finding, consistent with reports that controlled whey incorporation in dairy beverages and functional drinks can enhance mineral density and maintain acceptable physicochemical properties [ 6 , 39 ].

At the genus level, the dominant fungus Aspergillus exhibited significant negative correlations with four bacterial genera, Lysinibacillus , Paenibacillus , Stappia , and Hydrogenispora , and a highly significant negative correlation with Heyndrickxia .

The genus Acinetobacter showed an increasing trend, with relative abundance rising from 5.52% to 11.85% as fermentation progressed.

After gastric digestion, the TMA in fresh aronia fruit exhibited a decrease (37.60% relative to the undigested sample), whereas all dried samples showed an increasing trend (35.35–144.39%).

Changes in Drip Loss The changes in DL during postmortem aging were shown in Figure 1 c, which showed a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing.

Additionally, the b * values of the control and scallion white extract groups showed an increasing trend, whereas the ginger extract group exhibited no significant variation. 3.6.2.

Comparison with commercial enological tannins showed an unexpected trend.

The levels of shikimic acid and citric acid displayed a notable trend of initial increase followed by a decrease with maturity, peaking at 3.43 mg/100 g and 1.32 mg/100 g during the D3 and D4 stages, respectively.

All three elements show statistically significant differences among site categories ( p < 0.05), indicating a decreasing trend across site categories arranged along the pollution gradient.

Concerning bitter and aromatic amino acids, compared with T0, organic substitution treatments showed a decreasing trend in the contents of all relevant amino acid monomers in yellow tea.

Iridoids, characteristic of Lonicera species, demonstrated organ-specific accumulation in the reproductive organs, with an increasing trend following flowering.

A clear trend was observed with increasing substitution levels (0–10%), reflecting the compositional characteristics of the added raw material.

The grade structure of CEA changed substantially: the proportions of low-grade and moderately low-grade provinces decreased significantly, whereas medium-grade, moderately high-grade, and high-grade provinces increased significantly, presenting an overall trend of transitioning to higher grades.

Regarding NPQ levels, both the control and 5-ALA-treated groups exhibited an increasing trend on day 1, which may be attributed to the activation of stress responses under nitrogen-deficient conditions.

It should be noted that the moisture absorbers did not consistently reduce phenolic content during storage; however, a decreasing trend was observed for most phenolic compounds (TPC, TNFC, caffeoylmalic and chlorogenic acid).

Astragaloside I exhibited a decreasing trend throughout fermentation, with its initial concentration of 0.493 mg·g −1 becoming nearly undetectable.

Specifically, the ratio parameters of A 3009 /A 2924 , A 3009 /A 2854 and A 3009 /A 1743 showed a decreasing trend with increasing storage time.

Total MUFA showed a trend toward higher values in SS but did not reach significance ( p = 0.058).

In line with this interpretation, crumb L* showed a positive trend with specific volume (r = 0.62), and Plateau’s low loaf volume (denser crumb) may have reduced light scattering and lowered crumb L* despite a lighter crust [ 38 ]. 3.2.2.

Origin-Dependent Efficacy and Implications for Industrial Application The failure of all films to retard browning in Mexico-origin bananas, where rapid browning onset (day 8) preceded that of Ecuador (day 13) and Jeju (day 15) bananas by 5–7 days, constitutes a practically significant finding.

The capacity of plants or plant derivatives to mitigate nitric oxide synthesis may be significant in reducing the harmful effects of excessive nitric oxide that occur in the body.

Although extracellular β-GAL activity in the MT-treated groups showed a decreasing trend compared with the NaCl group, the differences were not statistically significant ( p > 0.05).

The survival rate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase in EPS concentration.

The number of fruiting bodies and yield of AS showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing Se concentration, while the weight of individual mushrooms showed the opposite trend ( Table S2 ).