Excerpts

Household income significantly affects the additional payments that consumers are willing to pay, with both the model coefficients and marginal effects showing an increasing trend, indicating that higher-income households are willing to pay more for safe foods.

In most of the articles analyzed, there is an increasing trend of obesity and complications (such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome) linked to excessive caloric intake, characterized predominantly by packaged and ultra-processed foods to the detriment of a diet rich in whole meal products, fruit, vegetables, and fresh foods.

The water absorption capacity showed an increasing trend with increasing dosage in broad bean and chickpea starch [ 16 , 28 ], while the swelling index had a negative correlation with the irradiation dosage [ 27 , 29 ].

Furthermore, there is a notable trend toward sustainability in the food industry, emphasizing environmental and economic considerations.

Notably, the thousand-sprout weight of JQ-W2 displayed rapid initial growth, followed by a slower rate of change in the later stages of germination; with increasing germination time, the diameter of the quinoa seeds ( Figure S1 ) generally exhibits an overall trend of initial enlargement followed by reduction.

The measurement results of saponin content in Figure S3C demonstrate a general decreasing trend, followed by an increasing trend during the growth process of quinoa sprouts.

Considering the ripening, the highest amounts of histamine differed between cheeses, as those made with raw milk reached the highest concentration after 60 days of ripening, while those made from pasteurized milk and SLAB reached the highest concentration after 30 days, although a decreasing trend was then observed.

With the extension of fermentation time, the reducing sugar content first increased and then decreased, when the titratable acidity content showed an increasing trend, and the nonvolatile acid was significantly higher than the volatile acid.

For multivariate analysis, PCA score plots showed a trend towards separation between samples, with metabolic differences between groups ( Figure 1 A).

Introduction Global alcohol consumption has had an increasing trend in past two decades, was reported to be 6.4 L per capita in 2016, and is forecasted to be 7.6 L in 2030 [ 1 ].

The CLA yield increased rapidly with inoculum sizes from 0.5% to 2%, after which it showed a decreasing trend upon exceeding 2%.

As shown in Figure 3 B, under the thermo-ultrasonic treatment condition, d 3,2 of the boiling water group showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.

The concentration of demethyloleuropein, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, and the chromen-4-one derivative showed an increasing trend throughout the developmental process of BYC, while the abundance of apigenin 7-sulfate declined from D150 to D300, and afterwards remained in a stable state from D300 to D450 ( Figure 5 ).

In addition, except for phenylalanine, lysine, and histidine in CMP, which were slightly higher than that in DCP, the levels of other essential amino acids in CMP showed a decreasing trend.

It can be observed that the rate of weight change of both DCP and CMP showed a clear trend of decreasing and then increasing from Figure 3 .

The dielectric constant of the flesh of rainbow trout exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing temperature at 915 MHz ( Figure 1 B).

These results can be correlated with the melting temperatures of the samples, which exhibited an increasing trend with storage, leading to difficulties in the flow of chocolate during melting.

Between the anthocyanin and carotenoid metabolites, lutein showed highly significant positive correlations only with delphinidin, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, and delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside.

Both showed a decreasing trend with fruit ripening.

The anthocyanin content of the ‘TLHL’ jujube peel showed an increasing trend, and no anthocyanin was detected from 30 DAP to 50 DAP; the anthocyanin content reached the highest level (2.31 mg/g) at the 110 DAP fully red stage.

Additionally, the expression levels of the growth- and development-related genes ClpX and DnaB also exhibited a decreasing trend with rising temperatures.

Although all three temperatures showed an increasing trend, the mashing power increased more rapidly at 42 °C, indicating that cooked wheat Qu cultured at this temperature exhibited stronger mashing enzyme activity.

At the same time, digital transformation has become an important trend in the development of enterprises today, which can enhance innovation efficiency and fuel innovation momentum.

The PM group and the SPM group have a clear trend of separation from the DSS group, and the relative distance of separation is smaller than that of the HC group.

However, there may be significant niches for possible implementations of HPP technology where the beneficial pro-health features of the processed product will be associated with lower prices for the consumer.