Excerpts

For other solid tumours, inclusion of disease stage revealed a borderline significant effect for middle educated women (13–16 years) compared to the lowest educated (RR = 0.67; 0.46–0.99).

The prevalence of enuresis showed a decreasing trend with increasing age of children.

more calories consumed and higher percent of calories from fat) with higher migration status, although the test for trend was of borderline significance.

Despite a positive trend regarding progress towards work after 1 year, none of these individuals actually returned to work within the next 2 years.

In fact, after an overall decrease in the rate of healthcare services utilization observed between 1984 and 1998 that led the authors [ 14 ] to conclude the reforms had failed, an increasing trend was observed from 1998 on, suggesting that the increase in the rate of child vaccination over the same period is not an isolated case. - Measures were taken to ensure the safety of injections, thus reducing post-immunization reactions.

An increasing trend of positive test results for Enteritidis was also documented in broiler chickens from 2000 to 2005 [ 11 ].

Higher educational level is associated with longer RLE at a borderline significance among males (Table 1 ).

There is a notable trend of an increased proportion of older people for both sexes.

Furthermore, there was an increasing trend in the prevalence of these characteristics that paralleled the severity of running away.

However, since 1998, four consecutive countrywide surveys showed a decreasing trend in the prevalence of underweight and stunting in all age and sex categories [ 14 ].

In Ethiopia there was an increasing trend of child undernutrition between 1983 and 1998 with significant variability between regions [ 13 ].

A range of health outcomes (12 items for boys and 10 for girls) showed significance or were marginally significant before controlling for other factors, and 6 items for boys and 9 for girls reached at least marginal significance in adjusted models (Tables 3 & 4 ).

A significant negative association was found in relation to urban living (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.32-0.73, p = 0.001), whereas the association with education level was only of borderline significance (p for trend = 0.051 OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.51-1.00) (Tables 2 and 3 ).

Hispanics were discussed as a homogenous group when, in fact, there may be significant variations among Hispanic sub-populations.

Up to 40% of older people can be considered as frail and an increasing trend can be expected [ 1 ].

While the incidence among hairdressers is smaller than in the bakery sector, several authors, as Ameille, observed an increasing trend: since the ONAP (Observatoire National des Asthmes Professionnels) was created in France in 1996, the proportion of OA in the hairdressing sector progressed from 5.5% in 1996 to 8% in 1998 and 10% in 2000 [ 22 ], calling for a better surveillance in this occupation.

The effect estimates remained statistically significant for primary and secondary education and borderline significant for tertiary education after adjusting for district, sex, age, marital status, religion, ethnic group, adult subgroups, employment status and income.

One of the cohort studies did attempt to adjust for frailty and physical functioning [ 52 ] and these factors were found to attenuate the association between low serum vitamin D status and hip fracture risk, although it remained marginally statistically significant.

They also had a significantly greater incidence of hospitalisation and days missed from school as well as an increase in emergency department visits which approached significance [ 38 ].

In further analyses, a marginally significant cross-level interaction was observed between company-level lack of reciprocity and age (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.13-1.01), indicating that age is associated with higher odds of smoking in companies with high reciprocity (OR: 1.14) and lower odds of smoking in companies with low reciprocity (OR: 0.41; which is computed by multiplying 1.14 by 0.36).

Trial Registration ISRCTN31954692 pmc-status-qastatus 0 pmc-status-live yes pmc-status-embargo no pmc-status-released yes pmc-prop-open-access yes pmc-prop-olf no pmc-prop-manuscript no pmc-prop-legally-suppressed no pmc-prop-has-pdf yes pmc-prop-has-supplement yes pmc-prop-pdf-only no pmc-prop-suppress-copyright no pmc-prop-is-real-version no pmc-prop-is-scanned-article no pmc-prop-preprint no pmc-prop-in-epmc yes pmc-license-ref CC BY Background Frailty is highly prevalent in older people; up to 40% of this population is estimated to be frail and an increasing trend is expected [ 1 ].

Although highly significant, the effect sizes were moderate, corresponding to a difference in standard deviations ranging from .34 - .51.

Conversely, a recent report from the EVA (Epidemiology of Vascular Ageing) study in France showed that higher plasma selenium concentrations (1.19-1.97 μmol/L) were associated with a marginally significant decreased risk of dysglycemia (impaired fasting glucose or diabetes) in men over a 9-year follow-up [ 18 ].

The presence of asbestosis and two or more diseases were associated with an almost significant risk (OR 1.92 [0.97-3.81] and OR 2.04[0.95-4.37], respectively), after adjustment for gender, age, smoking status, self-assessment of asbestos exposure and a final counseling visit.

In contrast, there was an increasing trend over time in rates of injuries to other body parts.