Excerpts

Since the interactions between education and age group were only significant for balance, borderline significant for walking speed and non-significant for grip strength and chair stands, no ultimate conclusions can however be drawn on the age differences.

Additionally, a 10 percent increase in GDP per capita is associated with an 11.49 percent increase in public spending for HIV and these associations were highly significant.

Both manual parental social class and overcrowding in the household at birth were significantly related to reporting a cancer before 50 y, and mother’s education was of borderline significance.

A worrying trend is that the high prevalence of childhood obesity in most Pacific Island communities [ 9 , 10 ] has more than doubled [ 11 ].

Conclusion Although social inequalities in cancer mortality are still high among men, an encouraging trend is observed.

There was substantial heterogeneity (I 2 = 92%), the effect was only marginally statistically significant, and this outcome was graded as low quality (see table 1 for quality assessment).

The percentage shows a decreasing trend with two smaller peaks of 13.6% and 8.8% in the age-groups 20–24 and 30–34 years, respectively.

For women the greatest reductions in obesity are seen in the lowest income groups and for men the greatest reductions in obesity are in the highest income group, with a positive trend across the income groups (Table 4 ).

Here the coefficient for 5 or more years in ovens, estimating a relative risk of 1.81, in isolation would be considered statistically significant, but the evidence for an overall trend is of borderline statistical significance.

There was no evidence of increased risks with continuous BSM exposure; indeed, the coefficient of BSM exposure was negative, though nowhere near statistical significance.

With grouped exposures, at face value the coefficient for the highest exposure suggests a 50% increase in lung cancer risk compared to the unexposed reference group; and a ratio of the estimate to its standard error of 2.27, treated in isolation as a t-statistic, would be statistically highly significant.

The prevalence of HIV among MSM in India is showing an increasing trend, including newly recognized populations of MSM in the low HIV prevalence states [ 4 ].

The present study showed a trend consistent with prevalence estimates of mental health problems among adolescents in Vietnam and in Western countries.

Table 4 presents the descriptive statistics of the sedentary behaviours used in the cluster analysis for each cluster in the units of hours per week, and the highly significant differences reflect the cluster solution derived from the ordinal transformation of the data, as expected.

The effect of thinking FGC is harmful or not was highly significant in this study.

Women living in the most deprived neighborhoods presented a marginally non-significant increase in the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables and decrease in leisure-time physical activity levels.

Noticeably, we found an almost significant value for this association in our population, which became significant in the model with additional adjustment by Z score.

Increasing frequency of child-reported negative experiences was associated with caregiver indication of child bullying for the items: “Tried to get you into trouble with your friends,” “Made fun of you for some reason,” and “Punched, kicked, or beat you up.” “Hurt you physically in any other way” was marginally insignificant.

Studies indicated an increasing trend in childhood obesity over time.

The Bartlett’s test of sphericity was 1593 and significant at p < 0.001, which indicated a highly significant correlation among the survey questions.

At the same time, there is an important trend of increasing Internet access via mobile devices.

In a meta-analysis, Anderson et al. [ 25 ] reported that the relationship between anxiety and glycemic control only approached significance, though anxiety measured via diagnostic interviews was significantly associated with hyperglycemia.

There were no significant treatment effects identified in the intervention school children’s mean psychosocial scale QOL and mean overall QOL compared to the control school (Table 3 and Figure 2 ), however trends suggest a treatment effect of borderline significance from baseline to post-test (7 weeks) (Table 3 ).

The age-group and hyperlipidema stratified analyses displayed in Models 3, 4, and 5 of Table 2 and Figures 2 and 3 showed a strong, and highly significant protective effect of marital status only among men and women aged 28–59 with hyperlipidemia.

There was a significant trend for decreasing levels of mental retardation and for an increasing proportion of males, suggesting that clinical presentation became less severe over time.