Excerpts

From 2017 to 2019, there was an increasing trend in the prevalence of acute malnutrition.

In recent years, with the growing public awareness of air pollution and the continuous improvement of environmental protection laws, various air pollutants have exhibited a decreasing trend annually [ 26 , 27 ].

This method is particularly useful in disentangling the contributions of multiple factors to an observed trend, making it ideal for analyzing the complex interactions between air pollution, aging, and population growth in relation to ischemic stroke burden.

Meta-analysis of quantitative findings Meta-analyses were carried out to determine an overall trend and conducted when the same risk factor was reported in three or more studies.

For cold spots, the distribution of centers of gravity was dispersed, and their directional changes were obvious: the centers of gravity of the incidence and mortality in males showed a trend of change in the northwest-southeast direction, whereas the centers of gravity of the incidence in females first moved in the southeast-northwest direction and then in the northwest-southeast direction.

In China, the period effects showed improvement during 2002–2006, while the rest of the past two decades exhibited an adverse trend.

Positive values indicate an increasing trend, while negative values signify a decreasing trend.

Country-Level traffic accident trends: analysis using growth mixture models When considering all road types, the number of traffic accident victims showed a decreasing trend until 2017.

However, since 2018, an increasing trend has been observed, as estimated by the cubic model.

The quadratic term’s highly significant p -value highlights the importance of this non-linear pattern.

This value indicates the annual increase or decrease, with negative values ​​indicating a decreasing trend and positive values indicating an increasing trend [ 26 , 27 ].

Joinpoint regression analysis showed a decreasing trend in PD rate and an increasing trend in HSD rate among patients aged ≥ 60 years, but no statistically significant change in TDD rate was observed.

In detail, an increasing trend in ASPR was observed in five regions and 26.0% of countries or territories, while twelve regions and 30.0% of countries or territories reported a decreasing trend.

Furthermore, for those with higher healthy lifestyle scores, an increasing trend in ALB level was observed (P for trend = 0.003).

While effect sizes around 1.5–2.0 represent moderate risks, they remain highly significant from a public health perspective due to their broad population impact.

In contrast, time-varying characteristics between ages 22 and 49 might be significant confounders for the associations between work and income trajectories and health outcomes at age 50.

Based on three regression models, the odds of having hypertension increased significantly with an increasing trend as age advanced, family history of hypertension, tobacco chewing, Obesity (BMI > 25.5), and salt consumption (> 5gm/day) were found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of hypertension among adult population of rural areas after controlling for all the confounders.

Conclusions Conceptive uptake at the UCH followed an increasing trend from 2018 to 2022.

Conclusions There was a slightly increasing trend in the number of clients who accessed contraceptive services at the family planning clinic in UCH, Ibadan from 2018 to 2022.

Our results are anticipated to contribute to the understanding of disease risk and may inform future strategies aimed at risk reduction, highly significant for public health.

For boys, however, only family-related HRQoL (1.09 [1.01, 1.18]; p = 0.03) is significant at 5% level, while emotional HRQoL (1.09 [0.995, 1.19], p = 0.067) and self-esteem (1.06 [0.992, 1.14], p = 0.084) show a trend approaching significance.

This indicates an increasing trend in air pollution particularly in densely populated districts like Colombo in Sri Lanka, where annual ambient PM 10 levels consistently surpass the WHO, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Sri Lankan Guideline values [ 28 ].

When the AAPC value was > 0, it indicated that the corresponding age-standardized rate (ASR) was in an increasing trend; otherwise, it indicated a decreasing trend.

Results Figure 1 reveals a clear trend that rural-to-urban migrants experience hypertension earlier than their non-migrant counterparts.

However, a slightly significant positive correlation was found between time since insulin use and adherence to adequate practices involving the use of insulin pens.