Excerpts

Furthermore, our analysis revealed that the cancer incidence rate among the elderly population across the 21 regions generally exhibited an increasing trend as the SDI increased, whereas the mortality rate demonstrated an S-shaped pattern characterized by an initial decline, followed by an increase, and subsequently another decline as the SDI increased.

North America exhibited high incidence rate in 2021, with an increasing trend in the United States and a decreasing trend in Canada and Greenland.

By 2023, this figure had risen to 17%, indicating a positive trend toward greater gender inclusion at the highest levels of diplomatic leadership.

Note: % indicates the adequacy rate of health literacy in the relevant dimension; p <.05* indicates a significant difference; p <.01** indicates a highly significant difference.

This may be significant as recent critiques of intersectionality charge the theory with losing its critical potential [ 38 , 39 ].

Global studies indicate that 13.3% of adults aged ≥ 60 years experience depressive disorders, with prevalence reaching 25.6% in China and showing an increasing trend [ 1 ].

Identified clusters were classified as primary clusters (highest LLR, p < 0.01) representing the most significant risk areas, and secondary clusters (high LLR, p < 0.05) representing moderately significant risk areas [ 14 ].

Hometown demonstrated marginal significance.

In 2012, the positive correlation was mainly concentrated in the eastern part of Fujian Province and showed a decreasing trend from east to west.

Since the study examines the total number of euthanasia cases over time – a count variable that has shown an increasing trend – we apply a Poisson model, which is specifically designed for non-negative integer outcomes and accounts for the mean-variance relationship inherent in such data [ 25 ], as done previously on suicide count data [ 26 , 27 ].

While a nominally significant age-by-PrEP interaction was detected, bootstrap validation indicated limited robustness, and no overall association was found between PrEP exposure and pregnancy risk.

A clear trend is observed across the quartiles for several variables.

Table 8 shows that there were highly significant differences in both knowledge and management of tuberculosis between test subjects and controls across time points.

After further controlling for potential confounders, a positive trend between extended duration of high TyG exposure and increased risk of incident hypertension was found; the corresponding risks were 1.14 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.21), 1.30 (95% CI: 1.21 to 1.39) and 1.36 (95% CI: 1.26 to 1.47), respectively, for 2-year, 4-year and 6-year exposure period, compared to the unexposed group.

One study showed a trend toward reduced T2DM incidence postpartum in women with prior gestational diabetes, though results were not statistically significant [ 28 ].

The burden of ASMR and ASDR of PAH-related lung cancer also showed an increasing trend, especially in countries with high-medium SDI levels.

While we did not apply formal correction for multiple comparisons given the limited number of pre-specified subgroup analyses, we acknowledge the potential for type I error inflation and recommend cautious interpretation of marginally significant findings.

Additionally, we observed a significant trend of difference between the two groups in the theta (θ) frequency band.

Uncorrected p-values < 0.05 (nominally significant findings) were reported as showing a trend toward significance.

Lower population densities predicted higher misuse outcomes in cluster one over time (significant in 2011 and 2012, and marginally significant in 2010 and 2013).

Moreover, an increasing trend of prevalence of hypertension (5.11% in 1959 to 37.2% in 2015), as well as the levels of blood pressure (elevated 4.5mmHg from 2007 to 2017), were observed in China [ 4 , 5 ].

However, within the 0.55–0.8 range, walking propensity declined with greater mix, while beyond 0.8, it again exhibited a positive trend (Fig. 11 ) [ 47 ].

Globally, there is an increasing trend in the number of tests conducted in the post-pandemic period and, consequently, in the number of people who know their serological status [ 117 ].

In Portugal, the number of new cases across different age groups has generally shown a decreasing trend over the past decade.

Regarding self-tests however, there was a positive trend (1,225 tests in 2019; 3,107 tests in 2020; 3,801 tests in 2021 and 4,254 in 2022 [ 48 ].