Excerpts

Additionally, vitamin A intake was higher in the TAC2 group and was marginally significant ( P < 0.05).

There was a significant difference in the reduction of number of pupae (P = 0.04; Figure 2 ) and a borderline significant reduction of the PPI (pupae per person index) between intervention and control arms (P = 0.05; Table 2 ).

The coast started a decreasing trend in 2010 (APC = − 5.2, 95% CI: − 8.9, − 1.4, p < 0.05), while the rainforest showed a reduction amongst the entire study period (APC = − 4.3, 95% CI: − 7.2, − 1.3, p < 0.05).

There was also a marginally significant difference ( p =.05) in flourishing scores between the workers aged 55 to 64 years and those aged 65 years or older, favoring the latter group.

The marginally significant association between professional rank and resilience ( β = 0.115, P = 0.05) should be interpreted cautiously.

The interaction coefficient was negative and marginally significant (β = −0.378, t = − 1.97, p = 0.050), indicating that as snacking frequency increased, the positive effect of health literacy on healthy lifestyle awareness weakened.

Comparative analysis among age subgroups revealed a highly significant upward trend in the rates of overweight, obesity, and central obesity with increasing age (all P < 0.05).

Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Health NC members had significantly higher percent body fat ( P < 0.001) and marginally significant higher diastolic blood pressure ( P = 0.05), but lower waist-to-hip ratio (0.87 vs 0.89, P = 0.04) than CC (Table 2 ).

Median performance scores did not differ significantly between women (4.8, IQR 3.7–6.0) and men (5.0 IQR 3.6–6.0) However, satisfaction with performance was slightly lower among women (median 3.0, IQR 2.0–4.5) than among men (median 3.5, IQR 2.3–4.7), although this difference was borderline significant ( p = 0.05) (Table 4 ).

Besides sex and occupation, educational attainment also showed a marginally significant association ( OR = 0.63, p =.05).

Residence was marginally significant (χ 2 = 3.836, p = 0.050), with rural residents showing slightly higher adherence (84.2%) than urban ones (81.6%).

A decreasing trend was observed in workers with monthly incomes above 2 MW ( p < 0.05).

However, the Kruskal–Wallis test showed no statistically significant relationship between smartphone-holding postures and discomfort in most hand regions, except for Area B of the left hand, which showed a borderline significant relationship ( p = 0.05) (Table 3 ).

There was a borderline significant intervention effect on change in mcpm for all (c = 49.9; 95% CI (-0.4; 100.1), p = .05), and a significant effect among the girls (c = 64.7, 95% CI (5.1; 124.4), p = .03), but not for boys (c = 31.7, 95% CI (35.2; 98.6), p = .35).

Similarly, social vulnerability predicted poorer ability to find good health information (β = –0.07, SE = 0.03, 95% CI: –0.13, –0.01, p = 0.029), which was linked to lower BFSE through a marginally significant indirect pathway (β = –0.31, SE = 0.16, 95% CI: –0.62, 0.00, p = 0.050).

Interestingly, CAP may not reverse the HFD-induced decreases in the diversity of gut microbiota, with the HFD-CAP group showing a decreasing trend ( P > 0.05).

A decreasing trend was observed in the PACV scores as the level of education and income level of the participants increased ( p < 0.05).

Among the methods of intervention, blended interventions combining face-to-face and online approaches showed significant effects (SMD: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.35, P < 0.001), followed by face-to-face interventions, which demonstrated marginally significant effects (SMD: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.34, P = 0.05).

Ghana Table 2 shows the results from the regression analyses to assess pre-post changes and factors associated with mental health-related knowledge (MAKS plus two additional items), attitudes (CAMI) and behaviour (RIBS IB) in Ghana. The post Ghana campaign sample had a slightly lower MAKS score then those who responded before the campaign (pre), and this change was borderline significant at the 5% level (β = − 0.15, 95% CI = -0.30 to 0.00, p = 0.05).

Although the DASHI showed a trend toward an inverse association in the upper quartiles, these findings were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05).

Individuals with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 had 30% higher odds of not having daily FV, with marginal significance ( p = 0.05).

HIV-exposed infants whose mothers tested HIV-negative or were not tested during pregnancy or not taking ART during pregnancy were at increased risk of MTCT, as was starting infant antiretroviral prophylaxis after 72 h and incomplete antiretroviral treatment/prophylaxis (lack of anitretrovirals in either mother or baby or both), however these variables did not reach statistical significance ( p < 0.05).

Other ethnicities showed a marginally significant reduction (-0.20, 95% CI -0.40 to 0.00, P = 0.05).

The APC reflects the annual rate of change in incidence within each segment; a positive APC with P < 0.05 indicates an increasing trend, while a negative APC with P < 0.05 indicates a decreasing trend.

While the relationship in the present study did not reach statistical significance, there was a trend toward less healthy cafeteria purchases for those with higher work-related PA ( p = 0.050).