Excerpts

For mortality and DALYs, an increasing trend was noted in the ≥ 85 years age group, a stable trend in the 75–79 years group, and a decreasing trend in the < 75 years group, with the largest increase observed in the 95 + age group.

The ≥ 85 years age group demonstrated a consistent increase in incidence, while the 70–74 years age group plateaued, and the < 70 years age group experienced a decreasing trend.

By contrast, vaccine benefits and effectiveness, vaccine safety and recommendation from healthcare professionals showed completely or partially significant positive associations with the outcome (46.2%, 50% and 55.6%, respectively).

Higher teacher diet quality scores have been shown previously to be associated with healthier nutrition-related classroom practices [ 9 ], where teacher diet quality was a marginally significant predictor of classroom food practices, including use of food rewards [ 8 ].

Although it was not statistically significant, increasing distance was associated with a decreasing trend of uptake.

The uptake rates were found to be significantly varying across groups associated with different types of experiences ( p = 0.048). There was an increasing trend of uptake according to the rating of experience by the participants.

However, in the low-inflammation group, CumTyG increased the risk of cancer but showed an increasing and then a decreasing trend.

Furthermore, longitudinal data indicate an increasing trend in homophily over time.

When VISIB was high, the risk of dengue fever increased, and as the lag period lengthened, the risk of onset showed a decreasing trend.

On the other hand, a WHO progress report published in 2024 showed the challenging reality of the control of STIs; the estimated number of new syphilis cases among adults aged 15–49 years increased by over one million in 2022, reaching eight million worldwide, and gonorrhoea case notification rates in selected high-income countries showed an increasing trend [ 5 ].

Specifically, in Qatar, there has been an increasing trend in the total number of people with diabetes since the early 2000s [ 1 ].

Similarly, for CF, a positive trend is observed as AFB increases up to 21 years, but after 21 years, the influence of AFB on overall cognitive function diminishes (Fig. 2 E).

From 2017 to 2019, there was an increasing trend in the prevalence of acute malnutrition.

In recent years, with the growing public awareness of air pollution and the continuous improvement of environmental protection laws, various air pollutants have exhibited a decreasing trend annually [ 26 , 27 ].

This method is particularly useful in disentangling the contributions of multiple factors to an observed trend, making it ideal for analyzing the complex interactions between air pollution, aging, and population growth in relation to ischemic stroke burden.

Among males, the ASIR and ASDR initially declined until 2015, followed by a rising trend between 2015 and 2019 and then a decreasing trend after 2019, with respective AAPCs of -0.50 (95% CI : -0.53;-0.46) and - 0.50 (95% CI : -0.54;-0.46).

After the pandemic-related restrictions eased, there has been an increasing trend in Italians practising physical activities in indoor facilities and gyms.

A previous survey conducted in China demonstrated that the prevalence of childhood asthma increased significantly from 3.8% in 2015-2016 to 6.5% in 2017-2018, with an increasing trend year by year [ 6 ].

A decreasing trend in wealth, education and regional inequalities were observed over the years.

Conversely, the self-harm incidence was more common in females, and showing an increasing trend for both sexes.

Concerning malaria, the country reported an increasing trend since 2015, with over 10 million cases (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 7 172 000—14 230 000) and 22 291 deaths (95% CI: 13 900- 37 800) in 2021 [ 4 , 5 ].

Meta-analysis of quantitative findings Meta-analyses were carried out to determine an overall trend and conducted when the same risk factor was reported in three or more studies.

In Vietnam, an increasing trend of e-cigarette use has been observed.

For cold spots, the distribution of centers of gravity was dispersed, and their directional changes were obvious: the centers of gravity of the incidence and mortality in males showed a trend of change in the northwest-southeast direction, whereas the centers of gravity of the incidence in females first moved in the southeast-northwest direction and then in the northwest-southeast direction.

Spatial trend of ASD medical resources in Guangxi The spatial allocation of ASD medical intervention institutions showed a trend of low north and high south, ascending and then descending from west to east, as shown in Fig. 5 -a, and higher Z values in central and south-central Guangxi were observed in the 3D trend map, presented in Fig. 5 -b.