Excerpts

Hypertension is highly prevalent among Portuguese adults [ 11 ] but, as observed in other countries [ 20 ], a decreasing trend in the last decade was observed [ 21 ].

There has been an increasing trend with regards to the prevalence of smoking among adolescents over the past three decades, mostly caused by the progressive increase among females.

Subjects using smoke-rich fuels and presented with respiratory symptoms showed a trend of poorer HR-QoL compared to those using smoke-free fuels (Table 2 ).

While the provision and use of nicotine patches, and possibly just surveying about smoking habits, may aid in stimulating patient-initiated discussion of smoking cessation with primary care physicians, these findings point to an encouraging trend of greater physician compliance with the advise and assist components of the 5A model, as seen in recent representative U.S. population surveys [ 33 , 34 ].

The results revealed that several of the socioeconomic variables were highly significant and displayed an oral health gradient, showing that the lower the income and educational level, the greater the proportion of individuals with poor oral health.

The crude logistic regression showed a highly significant negative correlation between mother’s education and child stunting, however, the multivariate analysis, model 2 and 3, showed that children of mothers who had secondary and higher education were less likely to be stunted than children who had mothers with no education and mothers with only primary education, but without statistical significance.

The increase in physical activity was of borderline significance.

Based on previous National Health and Morbidity Surveys (NHMSs) carried out in 2006, 2011 and 2015, an increasing trend of overweight and obesity prevalence was observed among Malaysian adults aged 18 years and older: 29.1% (95% CI: 28.6–29.7) and 14.5% (95% CI: 13.6–14.5) in 2006 [ 15 ], 29.4% (95% CI: 28.4–30.4) and 15.1% (95% CI: 14.3–15.9) in 2011 [ 16 ], 30.0% (95% CI: 29.1–31.0) and 17.7% (95% CI: 16.9–18.5) in 2015, respectively [ 17 ].

In people with burnout, light therapy showed a trend in reducing the symptoms more compared to a waiting list group [ 7 ].

Studies from SEAR have shown an increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension [ 9 ].

Strengths and limitations In this paper, we showed a trend over a five-year study period.

This model had better fit than that assuming a linear post-ERI trend ( p < .001), and confirmed a significant trend increase in TAS.

Figure 3 shows the trends of human anthrax cases in Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions for 2006–2016, illustrating an increasing trend with the highest number of 163/330 (49.4%) cases in 2016 showing 2 cases per moving average in Ngorongoro district in a time series of ten years.

There were few cardiometabolic risk differences by education; only BMI and waist circumference was lower among those with lower education (differences were statistically significant in twins, and marginally significant in singletons).

There was a clear trend of increasing prevalence of IHD and CB by age groups, the trend for LE prevalence was less visible due to a small number of cases (Fig. 1 ).

Conclusion The relative lack of knowledge on the hazards of WTS in a sample of Arab country population with an increasing trend of WTS warrants the attention of health policy makers in the country and region.

In Catalonia, there were differences among male and female PWID in all three items, whereas in Barnaul the differences were almost significant for the sexual safety and satisfaction items.

[ 21 ] suggested an increased risk of suicidal ideation in a high BP group, after adjusting for other types of physical conditions and mental disorders, although the risk was marginally significant (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3, 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.19).

However, its influence deserves further elaboration: a national level BBR reveals a statistically insignificant negative relationship with health care expenditure; yet, when this is adopted at a supranational level, or at both levels combined, the effect becomes considerably significant, at 6 and 8% respectively.

If successful, this research could provide a potential model to help to address and prevent obesity and promote a healthy weight in Latino families with preschool children, a highly significant and growing public health problem.

All independent variables with p < 0.1 in the univariate analyses were further considered for entry into the multivariable regression model thus avoiding the exclusion of variables that may be marginally significant at selection but become statistically significant in the final adjusted analysis.

Natives from the Maghreb (Maghrebins) showed considerable gender discordance, with men having both a higher prevalence (borderline significance) and a reversed gradient and women having lower prevalence than the reference population.

The results showed a trend similar to that for the results that included participants who died within 3 years after the start of follow-up ( P for trend = 0.401).

We found an overall trend where, irrespective of how adiposity group was classified (BMI, BIA or WHR), lower body weight resulted in stronger relationships between accelerometer and questionnaire-assessed sedentary behaviour, walking and MVPA (Rho = 0.14–0.58).

The lack of a clear trend of increasing mortality with increasing age of transfer suggests no cumulative effects of adversities during the first 7 years of life.