Excerpts

A Fisher's exact test indicates that the positive association between lowered metabolite levels in Jurkat cells as predicted by CoMet and antiproliferative activity of the metabolite in that cell line is highly significant (two-tailed p-value = 8.7 × 10 -6 ).

The distribution of volumes between genotypes for all 499 discrete measurements irrespective of pairing was also highly significant (p = 8.7 x 10 −6 , Kolmogorov-Smirnov test).

Table 5 In Subgroup B (whitening pen gel), E reduced from 17.80 ± 6.23 to 13.963 ± 4.70, showing 21.57% improvement (p = 0.0342), indicating the least whitening effect among the groups.In Subgroup C (herbal formulation), E decreased from 15.349 ± 4.77 to 8.822 ± 3.08, showing the highest improvement (42.52%), which was highly significant (p = 0.00000878).

No polymorphisms with genome-wide levels of significance (P<5*10(-7)) were identified, although rs740363 showed a trend for association with HF(P=8.8*10(-6)) [ 5 ].

Noticeably, three highly significant SNPs ( p = 8.94 × 10 −6 , 7.24 × 10 −7 , and 7.74 × 10 −7 ) identified the associated region from 36.746 to 36.748 Mb on LG10, just upstream of the MMP13 (Collagenase 3) gene encoding.

A highly significant linkage signal was observed on chromosomal region 5p15 with a multipoint LOD score of 4.00 (P = 9 × 10 −6 ) at position 2.70 Mb ( TST2 ).

The average day of death in this group was 32.412.8 days, showing a highly significant difference in survival compared to controls (P<0.000009) (Fig. 1, panel A).

Most highly significant associations occurred for high cyclin E (P=0.000009) and low IGFBP6 (P=0.000004) levels ( Fig. 1A ).

This 19-fold enrichment was highly significant at p < 9 × 10 −6 .

The proportions of carriers and non-carriers of predicted pathogenic variants in the three population groups are highly significant different (p = 0.000009), due to the low proportion of carriers in Europeans (two by two population groups comparisons: Africans × Asians, p = 0.355; Africans × Europeans, p = 0.000013; Asians × Europeans, p = 0.00018).

Importantly, a highly significant (p = 0.000009) correlation between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) stimulated IL-2 gene expression, as detectable in WB, and specific antibody titers was observed in donors vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (HBV) between six months and twenty years before the tests.

We identified a highly significant association with the CD40LG haplotype at the day of PC delivery (H 4 : TGGC; P = 0.000009; Table 2 ).

Based on a Bonferroni-adjusted significance level of 0.00009, we also find a marginally significant correlation between RGD1307603 , a gene with no known function, and QUICKI ( r = 0.544, P = 0.00000925).

Using the logistic regression model that accounts for the variation in the number of potentially deleterious sites, the regression coefficient β 1 of recombination rate remained similar (−0.097 to −0.101) and highly significant (P = 9.3×10 −6 ).

A Chi squared test considering the total numbers of genes on these contigs (3489 and 628, respectively) shows a highly significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes on JPPQ01000083 (p-value = 9.436e-06).

We also observed a nominally significant association at ATP5B (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.08–0.43, P = 9.46 × 10 −6 ), but this association was not consistent in the South Korean dataset (Extended Data Fig. 7 ).

When malnourished children were defined as either stunted or anemic, the association between these taxa was highly significant ( n = 196, P = 9.5e-06, rho = 0.31), while the slight trend seen in nonstunted children disappeared entirely in children who were neither stunted nor anemic ( n = 112, P = 0.9925, rho = −0.001).

However, the ‘transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-activated receptor activity’ pathway (GO:0005024) came close to being significant ( P = 9.5 × 10 −6 ) in the combined GERD and BE analysis, followed by the ‘TGF-β receptor binding’ pathway (GO:0005160) ( P = 3.5 × 10 −5 ).

Highly significant results were obtained for SORL1 SNPs rs4598682 ( P = 9.51×10 −6 ), rs3781834 ( P = 7.33×10 −7 ), rs17125523 ( P = 5.51×10 −6 ), and rs3737529 ( P = 4.14×10 −6 ) after combining results from the discovery and replication samples ( Table S3 ).

Most remarkably, rs987525 (8q24) demonstrated a highly significant association with cg16561172 ( MYC ) at P = 9.63 × 10 − 6 , representing the strongest statistical signal in our entire validation analysis.

Although the mean difference in log 2 signal ratio between 5' and 3' mismatches was only 0.07 this difference was highly significant (paired t-test, p = 9.7 × 10 -6 ).

There was an increasing trend in half of the genes with lowest P values associated with glycosyl transferase (OR, 3.34; P = 9.71 × 10 –6 ), bacteriolysin (OR, 3.34; P = 3.46 × 10 –5 ), and restriction modification system (OR, 3.34; P = 3.46 × 10 –5 ).

Nevertheless, it was marginally not significant for Aria10 ( p value = 0.0503) and highly significant for Aria15 ( p value = 9.728e−06).

Although, the NGS obtained methylation index of this CpG site showed moderate replication with regard to the 450K data, an interesting and highly significant hypomethylation was observed upstream of cg02450064 (40260053) in CMA boys (p = 9.8E−06) and CMA girls (p = 2.8E−06) compared to controls (Additional file 3 : Figure S2D).

The correlation between gene expression changes and 5hmC changes in tumors is highly significant ( P = 9.8 × 10 6 , Supplementary information, Figure S6A ).