Excerpts

In contrast, aggregating the five previously published twin register-based studies, which comprised 492 twin pairs, revealed proband wise concordance rates of 19.5% for MZ twins and 2.3% for DZ twins, a highly significant difference (OR = 6.71, 95% CI = 2.21–20.35; p = 3.6 × 10 −6 , Fisher’s exact test).

However, tests of homogeneity of multivariate dispersion revealed highly significant differences in within-group variability (beta dispersion: F (2,41) = 17.25, p = 3.68 × 10 −6 ; permutation test: p = 0.001).

The average crown rump length of Hypox/Flox embryos exposed to hypoxia for 96 hours, from E8.5-12.5, was decreased by 34% to 5.7 mm (± 0.29, N = 5), which is extremely significant compared to 8.6 mm for Normox/Flox embryos (P ≤ 3.7 × 10 -6 ).

ANOVA was highly significant ( p = 3.71e−06).

The minor alleles of the rs698195, rs3750552, and rs7275360 variants exhibited nominally significant associations with the allergic disease phenotype (rs698195: β=0.646, p =3.72×10 −6 ; rs3750552: β=1.33, p =4.40×10 −6 ; rs7275360: β=1.775, p =3.15×10 −6 ).

Analysis with the functional annotation clustering tool provided by DAVID [ 52 ] revealed one highly significant functional group in this cluster (p-value = 3.73 × 10-6).

Genes with p < 0.05 were considered nominally significant; p < 3.77 × 10 −6 achieved genome-wide significance.

While differences between normal aging and AMD were not significant, the percentage of CD34 negative capillaries in old eyes, compared to young eyes, was highly significant (p = 3.8×10 −6 ).

Other highly significant genes included SLC14A2 on chromosome 18 (P=3.80×10 −6 , FDR =0.0089) and CHD7 on chromosome 8 (P=5.37×10 −5 , FDR =0.0359).

Quantification of IL-6 mRNA with qRT–PCR revealed a highly significant increase in the mean IL-6 / ABL ratio in GBM (33.3%) as compared with non-GBM (1.5%; Kruskal–Wallis test, P =3.8 × 10 −6 ).

However, we now found a highly significant difference between normal breast vs breast tumour ( P =3.8E−6) ( Figure 1B ).

Of the approximately 12,000 OTU-phenotype associations considered, 3217 were nominally significant, and 149 OTU results surpassed the Bonferroni correction ( P = 3.90 × 10 −6 ).

The Spearman correlation between the median relative r parameter from chromosome 1–22 and the relative gene density was equal to –0.81 (95% confidence interval: [-0.92, –0.60]), indicating a highly significant inverse relationship ( P = 3.9e-06).

ANOVA across species was highly significant ( F (3,16.70) = 22.70), P = 3.97 × 10−6), post hoc tests (BH-adjusted) confirmed E. turneriana as significantly lower ( P < 0.01).

A post-hoc Games–Howell test (Tukey corrected p values), was used to compare each mutant genotype to the wt since this test is compatible with the highly significant inequality of variances (Levene’s test, p = 3.98 × 10 −6 ).

The correlation was highly significant (Pearson’s r = 0.75, 95 % confidence interval 0.53–0.88, df = 26, P = 4 × 10 −6 ; Fig. 4 ), even though the estimated genetic distances between markers from the centromere-marker-mapping are restricted to be maximally 50 cM (see “ Material and methods ”).

Nine out of these thirteen PRGs (69%) exhibited production overshoot in MCF10A cells indicating highly significant overlap ( P <4.0E−06, hypergeometric test).

This enrichment for Nfkb1 interacting genes is highly significant ( P = 4e-6).

Likewise, COX2 dimer (the 2nd largest protein in our set, with N = 1,104) exhibited a highly significant overlap ( P = 4.008 × 10 −6 ) with m = 18; and PA (the 4th largest; N = 763, m = 10) also yielded a P -value of the order of 10 −6 .

The difference in average motif spacing calculated within the prediction groups, compared between completely rigid motif complexes (single-spacing) and flexible complexes (more than one spacing) was found highly significant ( p = 4.07e-06, Mann–Whitney U test).

A decreasing trend was observed for higher-numbered chromosomes (Spearman’s rank correlation = −0.939, P = 4.088 × 10 −06 ), consistent with the relationship between chromosome size and SNP content.

Out of the ten possible three-way interactions, two produced highly significant results: properly aligned BRE-Inr-MTE combinations are nearly four times as likely in the real dataset than in the randomized data (p = 4.1 × 10 -6 ), and the TATA-Inr-MTE combination is about 50% more likely in the real data versus the random data, which is also significant (p = 0.0042).

The causal links between MIR and rainfall showed a decreasing trend in Dakar ( P = 4.18 × 10 −6 ), Ziguinchor ( P = 7.95 × 10 −4 ), Diourbel ( P = 1.91 × 10 −3 ), Kédougou ( P = 4.03 × 10 −3 ), and Bakel ( P = 3.32 × 10 −2 ).

The correlation between these two variables is highly significant (Spearman ρ = 0.565, p = 4.3 × 10 −6 ), and even stronger for the peak of facilitation at 3 ms ( ρ = 0.634, p = 1.5 × 10 −7 ).

Inspecting MotionNet's offset parameters shows a clear trend favoring low speeds (MT: n = 8, ρ = −0.99, p = 4.3e −6 ; Fig. 6 a ; V1: n = 64, independent t test = 6.95, p = 2.8e −9 , d = 1.75).