Excerpts

Here we identify associations between microbiome diversity and both moderate physical activity (MPA; times per week) and vigorous physical activity (VPA; times per week) that are highly significant (Fig. 3 ; P < 10 −15 and P < 10 −15 , for MPA and VPA, respectively).

This result was consistent across feature levels and parameter settings, and is highly significant for all tests: that is, for every comparison between modular subnetwork features and gene features, we have P < 10 -15 .

The 5' ends can be seen to be much less variable than the 3' ends, a difference that is highly significant ( p < 10 -15 , Wilcoxon rank-sum).

Of 17,566 detected genes, we identified 1,080 highly significant differentially expressed genes upon viral stimulation (p<1.00E −15 , FDR<1.00E −14 ), including various immune function and inflammation-related genes, genes involved in cell signaling, cell regulation and transcription, and genes with unknown function.

The 737 shared downregulated genes were enriched in GI pathways ( Figure 3E ), and this overlap was highly significant by hypergeometric test ( P < 1 × 10 –15 ; ~5-fold enrichment) ( 65 ).

We observed highly significant ( P < 1 × 10 −15 , binomial test) enrichment of conserved miRNA binding sites among genes that currently share experimental evidence for neural 3′ UTR extensions in both mouse and human ( Fig. 7B ; Supplemental Table S7).

The correlation coefficient was r = 0.93 and highly significant ( p < 10 −15 ).

We observed a highly significant correlation between the log transformed mRNA half-lives of the two organisms (Pearson r = 0.51, P < 10 -15 ; Figure 2c ), although many genes displayed differential half-lives.

S8 D and E ), and the association was highly significant in both strains, P tet lacZ ΔM15 ( P < 1 × 10 −15 ) and P tet lacZ ΔM15 ssrA ( P < 2 × 10 −3 ).

One-sided Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests (paired by subject and parcel) confirmed that these differences were highly significant ( p < 10 −15 ) across all comparisons, with SA consistently outperforming P3 and P3MT.

This revealed a highly significant association between the risk scores and the survival of the patients (Figure 2C ; log rank test P < 10 −15 ).

This module includes 44 DEGs, which is a highly significant enrichment (Fisher’s exact test, Odds ratio = 75.84, P < 10 −15 ).

As further validation, we constructed a linear model with expression divergence as the dependent variable, and the 11 tested factors and d N as explanatory variables; d N remained highly significant in this analysis ( P < 10 − 15 ).

Data from a large cohort of individuals with sports concussion were examined and also demonstrated that differences in mean values of reaction time and reaction time variability (with the Brain Gauge) are statistically highly significant between healthy control and post-concussion populations ( p < 10 −15 ; Tommerdahl et al., 2020 ).

Analysis of the number of crystal packets among the studied species revealed highly significant differences in their frequency of occurrence (ANOVA, p < 10 − 15 ).

The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed a highly significant difference among groups ( H = 10,029.68, p < 1 × 10 −15 ).

Scatter plots of the log2FC values for differentially expressed genes in the tetramer+ cells arising in response to each pMHCII-NP type confirmed highly significant correlations among the scRNAseq profiles of the different tetramer specificities (P<10 -15 ; >60% of all the genes in each comparison undergo similar levels of upregulation or downregulation as compared to Tconv cells) ( Figure 2C ).

The differences in the mean number of these alleles in each population were highly significant (ANOVA P value = 1×10 −15 ).

For extremely significant results (e.g., P < 1 × 10 −15 ), the software restricts output to 15 decimal places; in these cases, we report the smallest displayable value to ensure transparency and reproducibility.

The correlation between same stages in different data sets (PA and RZ), while moderate, is highly significant (p ≤10 −15 ), reflecting the representation of most transcripts in both types of libraries (Figure 1 d, Additional file 1 : Table S2).

12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\chi_{9}^{2} = 75 + 225 = 300$$\end{document} χ 9 2 = 75 + 225 = 300 , a highly significant test (P < 10 −15 ).

‡ Although the Spearman correlation coefficient between α and age is highly significant for those α values corresponding to tract density with a P value ~10 –15 , the effect size is low with a Spearman correlation coefficient of –0.06.

We find a highly significant negative correlation between the two measures (linear regression: R 2 =0.34, P <10 –15 ), which is illustrated in Fig. 4 .

At 2 hpi, highly significant ρ values of 0.68 ( P < 1.0 × 10 −15 ) and 0.67 ( P < 1.0 × 10 −15 ) were observed for the MAP-infected and control sample groups, respectively.

A t -test between the UTR lengths in the “average fold-change” group and the “high fold-change” group was highly significant, with a p -value < 10 −15 .