Excerpts

Among these techniques, the W–H and SSP analyses revealed a clear trend: as the substrate temperature increases from 300 °C to 400 °C (samples S1–S4), microstrain tends to increase while crystallite size decreases.

2 , the annual average Tmax and Tmin at 115 stations on TP exhibit an increasing trend during 1980–2022, whereas DTR shows a decreasing trend.

Currently, most studies have found that both maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax and Tmin) exhibit an increasing trend, and the rising trend of Tmin is more pronounced in most regions, which attracted widespread attention to this unsymmetrical change in temperature 4 – 6 .

A decreasing trend in recall is observed with increasing θ .

Overall between-group differences were highly significant ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\chi ^2 = 136.90$$\end{document} , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P<0.001$$\end{document} ).

While the crude, unadjusted model showed a markedly higher risk (MACE HR 2.96), the association remained strong and highly significant after adjusting for demographics and medications (MACE HR 1.54) and further adjusting for major comorbidities (MACE HR 1.48) ( Table S6-S7 ).

However, the long-term strength showed a decreasing trend.

A clear trend of increasing moisture uptake can be observed with rising storage temperature (23, 50, 70, and 90 °C) under 50% relative humidity, both with and without UV irradiation and independently of the presence of RCF, can be attributed to accelerated diffusion processes at elevated temperatures.

This shows a decreasing trend with increasing crystallinity.

A notable trend on DAVIS is the clear advantage of graph-based drug encoders over sequence-based or handcrafted descriptors.

The variable green mass of plants did not show a clear trend of variation in relation to the alteration of plant population.

This finding, supported by a beta coefficient of 0.132 and a highly significant p-value of 0.002, indicates that the more students perceive these AI-integrated platforms as intuitive and effortless to use, the more likely they are to adopt them for their learning.

Similarly, our results indicated a positive trend between GA levels and ear length in maize (Table 3 ).

There is an overall trend in which the accuracy of all models increases with more epochs.

No significant correlation was found with disease duration, though MD values in the intermediate zone showed a positive trend (ρ = 0.62, pFDR < 0.10) (Fig. 3 ).

The locus on chromosome 1 near TMCO1 demonstrated strong external support in the UK Biobank European ancestry dataset, where multiple variants within this region showed highly significant associations with POAG and consistent direction of effect.

However, there may be significant variability in how radiologists interpret radiographs, which can complicate making accurate diagnoses especially when early stage spur formation appears similar to typical heel images 12 .

The industrialized production can witness a positive trend with introduction of SCC.

With increasing concentration of plant extract, both R ct values and inhibition efficiencies improved, while C dl values showed a decreasing trend.

In addition, spin–orbit coupling (SOC) was included and tested, which could be particularly important for 4 d and 5 d elements, where relativistic effects may be significant.

The detection results of MDA content showed that compared with the control group, after FAC treatment, MDA content was significantly increased, and after DFO treatment, the FAC-induced elevation of MDA showed a decreasing trend, but there was no statistically significant difference (Fig. 3 H).

In contrast, the eastern region’s digital economy exhibits highly significant positive direct effects (0.6908***), indirect effects (0.7075**), and total effects (1.3983***) are all highly significantly positive, revealing a dual-engine model of “local-driven + spatial spillover.” This stems from the eastern region’s robust digital infrastructure and efficient factor mobility, where digital technologies deeply integrate with the real economy while data elements and green digital services permeate surrounding areas, highlighting pronounced regional synergies.

Given the exploratory nature of this higher-order interaction and its marginal significance in the large-scale dataset of Study 1, this finding should be interpreted with caution and requires replication.

10 a, the permittivity ε′ of all samples exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing frequency, consistent with the typical behavior of dipolar dielectric materials where polarization fails to follow the alternating field at high frequencies.

Historically, 9 out of 34 stations (26.47%) showed a significant trend.