Barely Significant

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marginally significantp = .0581.2× alphagold
Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc analysis on the interaction effect revealed a significant difference (p = .03) between CS+ 1ws (mean = 523.77 ms; sd = 149.42 ms) and CS+ 2ws (mean = 540.63 ms; sd = 161.03 ms) in the second hemiblock; a marginally significant effect emerged also for the first hemiblock (p = .058), with CS+ 1ws (mean = 517.36 ms; sd = 142.10 ms) presenting slightly faster reaction times than CS+ 2ws (mean = 527.55 ms; sd = 147.02 ms).
marginally significantp = 0.05811.2× alphagold
In contrast, for determination coefficients, randomized block design two-way ANOVA results indicated significant or marginally significant main effects of training and test and interactions ([position]; a main effect of training: F(4, 20) = 2.73, p = 0.0581; a main effect of test: F(4, 20) = 14.08, p < 0.0001; interaction between training and test: F(16, 80) = 6.56, p < 0.0001; [velocity]; a main effect of training: F(4, 20) = 11.62, p < 0.0001; a main effect of test: F(4, 20) = 26.25, p < 0.0001; interaction between training and test: F(16, 80) = 36.00, p < 0.0001).
a strong trendp = 0.0591.2× alphagold
Post-hoc tests on AUC error (Bonferroni corrected for multiple comparisons) following a significant Task*Stimulation Group interaction; F(2, 86) = 15.33, p < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.26, revealed this trend was significant between the cerebellar and M1 group ( p = 0.019) while a strong trend was found for the cerebellar and sham group difference ( p = 0.059).
marginally significantp = 0.0591.2× alphagold
A significant two-way interaction between group and hemisphere was also observed [ F (2,36) = 3.36, p = 0.046, η p 2 = 0.16], indicating that both the low-arousal music [ F (1,36) = 6.82, p = 0.013, η p 2 = 0.16] and high-arousal music groups [ F (1,36) = 29.18, p < 0.001, η p 2 = 0.45] exhibited stronger neural responses in the left than right hemisphere, while the silence group showed a marginally significant difference in neural responses between the left and right hemispheres [ F (1,36) = 3.80, p = 0.059, η p 2 = 0.10].
close to significancep = 0.0591.2× alpha
As the same term was close to significance for state 1 with opposite sign ( t 6 = − 2.32, p = 0.059, Cohen’s d = − 0.55 ± 0.87), we probed the difference between state 1 and 3 counts (Counts 3 − Counts 1 ) in a follow-up analysis: the interaction remained significant ( t 6 = 4.6, p = 0.004, Cohen’s d = 1.08 ± 0.92), indicating that the more state 3 is expressed over state 1, the better the recovery, in a way that also depends on the MR signature.
near-significantp = 0.0591.2× alphagold
Following this up with two separate analysis for each assessment day, we found the main effect of stimulation on the second (but not the first) day of assessment at the level of near-significant tendency (F (2; 69) = 2.944; p = 0.059; ηp 2 = 0.079), with higher accuracy for abstract words in anodal tDCS than in sham group, albeit only at tendency level (p = 0.091; Z = − 2.2) (Fig. 5 ).