Excerpts

This suggests that topsoil nutrient supply, stand survival status, and external disturbances have strong indicative significance in diagnosing the degradation of poplar shelterbelts in the Kubuqi Desert.

mandshurica showed an increasing trend with water supply, although the differences were not significant.

Regarding BC-MEAN, marker 26584774 emerged as highly significant, with a p -value of 8.89 × 10 −5 and a robust MarkerR 2 of 0.19, explaining the highest genetic variance observed in this dataset (12.5%).

Under future climate scenarios, the distribution pattern showed an overall trend of northward contraction and northeastward migration ( Figure 6 ).

The QTP has already experienced an earlier and faster warming process, which is expected to continue at an accelerated pace in the future [ 4 , 5 ], with the regional climate exhibiting a marked trend towards warmer and wetter conditions [ 6 , 7 ].

Under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the overlap in the potential distribution of the three dominant species in alpine meadows exhibits an increasing trend from southeast to northwest.

Additionally, the expression of this gene exhibited an increasing trend along with the growth and development of the mesocotyl in both accessions ( Figure 1 E).

Specifically, in 2024, the C × S interaction had significant effects on Pn across the three phenological stages ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01); in 2025, although the interaction effect on Pn was less pronounced, the main factors (C and S) consistently showed highly significant impacts.

This strict homeostatic buffering of the aspartate substrate pool contrasts sharply with asparagine (Asn), which showed a highly significant increase exclusively driven by the nitrogen source independent of the variety.

Figure 2 E shows an increasing trend in water use efficiency (WUE) values for both varieties as light intensity increased from 0 to 1000 μmol m −2 s −1 .

Regarding the correlations among population-level flowering parameters, highly significant positive correlations (correlation coefficient > 0.9) were observed among the first, peak, and last flowering dates ( Figure 2 B), demonstrating a high degree of intrinsic coordination among these three phenological events at the population level.

At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased the most; at the genus level, Sphingomonas and Bradyrhizobium showed an increasing trend.

On the other hand, although we did not see a significant effect of heat in fruit firmness, we did see a marked trend toward softer fruits in contrast with the controls ( Table 1 ).

Individual studies did not find such a clear trend for all three elements, but higher Cu [ 1 ] and Fe [ 3 ] concentrations were observed in red cultivars grown in Italy and the Balkan countries.

A decreasing trend in PMC was observed over the growing season, reflecting increased water consumption and physiological changes during crop development.

During budding stage, IAA and CTK levels exhibited an increasing trend, whereas at the flowering stage, stem tissue showed lower IAA and CTK levels than leaf tissue ( Figure 5 ; Table S7 ).

Panicle length displayed a decreasing trend with increasing deficit severity at the jointing–booting stage.

In contrast, surface bulk density was not significantly correlated with available phosphorus or total potassium (r = 0.21–0.47) but exhibited a strong positive correlation with pH (r = 0.98) and significant to highly significant negative correlations with the remaining variables (r = −0.90 to −0.99).

planispinum individuals ( Figure 4 a) exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, and soil moisture across all three layers, and a significant positive correlation with precipitation.

From the perspective of viewing geometry, canopy temperature generally exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing relative azimuth angle between the sensor viewing direction and the solar incident direction.

Without considering angular effects, all three CWSI indices showed an increasing trend with increasing water stress severity.

mukorossi generally displayed a decreasing trend.

Sucrose content in both pulp and kernels exhibited an increasing trend.

Regional climate projections for the Canary Islands indicate a clear trend towards warmer and drier conditions during the 21st century, with mean temperature increases of ~2–4 °C by 2070–2100 under high-emission scenarios and a marked rise in drought and aridity indices, particularly at mid-elevations where P. canariensis forests are concentrated [ 14 , 41 ].

The localization of a SAG12-GFP fusion in SAVs is quite significant in view of the strict senescence-associated expression of SAG12 [ 58 , 59 , 60 ], and this makes SAG12-GFP a convenient and specific marker for SAVs.