Excerpts

Interestingly, Japan National Health and Nutrition Surveys during the period from 1995 to 2016 have demonstrated that total energy intake showed a decreasing trend in both males and females, but energy intake from protein decreased and energy intake (%) from fat increased in both sexes [ 48 ].

We could not detect a significant trend of association between COVID-19 infection and vitamin D serum level quartiles, ranging from high to low serum vitamin D levels. 4.

In multivariable models ( Table 2 ), early pregnancy BMI was positively associated with higher risk of offspring asthma, with an increasing trend across BMI categories (BMI 22.5–24.9: odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.35; BMI 25–29.9: OR 1.21, CI 1.05–1.39; BMI ≥ 30: OR 1.29, CI 1.12–1.50; p -trend < 0.001).

Marginally significant differences are mentioned at p < 0.1. 3.

As shown in Table 3 , the second tertile of the salt-preserved vegetable–garlic pattern score was significantly associated with depression in men (1.63 (1.06–2.49)), and the relationship between the third tertile of the pattern score and depression was borderline significant in women (1.34 (0.91–1.98)).

Significance was assessed by the p -value, where p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.001 indicated significant and highly significant differences, respectively. 3.

The synthesis route of these metabolites suggests that efficient management of vitamin D hydroxylation may be significant in the prediction of its role in COVID-19 disease treatment [ 9 ].

In a secondary analysis of 3-year follow-up data from a European, multi-country RCT [ 59 ], adherence to a novel PBD score showed a borderline significant association with decreased yearly changes in LDL-C concentrations. 3.5.2.

There is an increasing trend to include case reports/series in systematic reviews and to value their role in research.

With the rapid economic development and the deepening of an aging society, the prevalence of MetS in Chinese residents also undergo an increasing trend.

Data were considered statistically significant for p < 0.05 and highly significant for p < 0.01. 3.

As illustrated in Figure 1 A, a clear trend of separation manifested significant metabolic alterations in tumours and paired lungs.

Precisely, dropouts at T2 had a marginally significant higher consumption of legumes ( M = 2.33; SD = 1.57) than those who continued to participate ( M = 1.69; SD = 1.32).

The switch from meat to plant-based diet is not so widespread so far, even if it is an increasing trend.

This perception showed a decreasing trend of likelihood with age increase, and it reached statistical significance among all different age classes (20–44, OR = 0.65, C.I. 0.49–0.88; 45–59, OR = 0.34, C.I. 0.25–0.45; 60–74, OR = 0.21, C.I. 0.16–0.28; ≥75 OR = 0.12, C.I. 0.08–0.15).

Over the past decade, there has been an increasing trend of a higher proportion in the elderly group.

[ 68 ] compared in a crossover study the effects of a 4-week supplementation of 20 g of BCAAs or rice protein (low in BCAAs) in 12 obese prediabetic subjects and showed a trend towards improved glucose utilization with BCAAs.

Under pH 3–11, the protease stability showed a decreasing trend with time ( Figure 3 B).

Estimates of added salt as 5% of total sodium intake in the US might marginalize the contribution of voluntary salt intake, but elsewhere, e.g., Italy, it may be 30%, and in China even more, so that the gender difference among younger adults might be significant in offsetting the higher dietary intake of men, and possibly exceeding it when corrected for bodyweight [ 146 , 147 , 148 ].

The obese status also showed an increasing trend of likelihood with aging, and it reached statistical significance among all different age classes (20–44 years, OR = 2.44, C.I. 1.68–3.55; 45–59, OR = 4.36, C.I. 3.01–6.33; 60–74, OR = 5.70, C.I. 3.92–8.29; ≥75 OR = 3.93, C.I. 2.68–5.78).

Recent reports from both Western and Eastern countries found an increasing trend in the incidence of IBD (both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD)) [ 1 ].

A markedly significant increase in transferrin concentration in the supplemented group may indicate depletion of iron stores in the body 3 h after exercise.

Finally, a study investigating the role of legumes consumption on allergic diseases found a protective association with persistent wheeze at 6.5 years that almost reached significance [ 33 ].

A trend towards reduction in SOL muscle echodensity was observed in AGED mice treated with each formulation ( Figure 2 B, left); a significant reduction was found in GC muscles for mice treated with BCAAs, either alone or plus 2ALA, and a decreasing trend was observed in those treated with BCAAs + Di-ALA ( Figure 2 B, right).

Notably, all formulations exerted a protective effect on SOL muscle force in AGED mice, with an increasing trend in sPtw (R.S.: 20–25%), paralleled by a significant increase in sP0 and by higher tetanus–frequency curves, with a statistically significant difference vs. untreated mice from the frequency of 40Hz onwards ( Figure 4 A–C).