Excerpts

Overlap was generally highly significant between all studies, with the smaller studies being increasingly enveloped by the larger studies.

1a-c ), an increasing trend in apoptopodia formation was also observed when PANX1 channels were blocked ( Fig. 1k ).

Importantly, the GWAS data identify the same HLA signals, as well as one association peak at chromosome 3q13 with borderline significance.

These elegant results were interpreted as a confirmation of clathrin's capacity to drive membrane curvature, neglecting the potential role of the disordered domain, an effect that our results demonstrate to be highly significant.

Correlation explained by genic and conserved SNPs We also found a highly significant correlation between the variance explained by genic SNPs and variance explained by more conserved SNPs ( Fig. 3b ), and between intergenic SNPs and less conserved SNPs ( Supplementary Fig. 3 ).

We see that the QD uncertainty values show a decreasing trend with higher magnification, and values as low as ≈5 nm are measured.

Despite the lack of significant alterations in these metabolic parameters, the AiPKO mice moved significantly less than the wild-type littermates in the y axis, and showed a trend towards reduced movement in the x axis ( Fig. 3j ).

This demonstrated a strong signal of balancing selection on NPR1 , with a highly significant positive peak in Tajima's D (that is, an excess of intermediate frequency alleles) and an extreme composite likelihood ratio test score ( Fig. 3c,d ).

This lack of an obvious trend also suggests that an endogenous cation–pi interaction involving Trp265 does not contribute significantly to the gating process.

No evidence for BeCyclOp-mediated cAMP generation was found ( N =4), although illuminated samples showed a trend to increased cAMP.

We compare this figure with the highest fraction of two-returners best friends obtained from 100,000 randomized experiments where we randomly reassign each individual's best friend, obtaining RR rand ≈0.21, resulting in a highly significant P value (<10 −5 ), as shown in Fig. 7a,b .

2T ) B cells from T cell reconstituted mice was significantly elevated compared to cells from WT mice, but fell short of significance compared to sham reconstituted TCRβ KO mice.

TNFα-producing BM and splenic monocytes/macrophages (CD11b + ) ( Supplementary Figures 7A and 7B respectively) were also significantly increased in reconstituted mice relative to WT mice, but despite a strong trend fell short of significance relative to TCRβ KO controls.

Two non-synonymous variations in exon3 were also identified as marginally significant ( Supplementary Data 1 ).

1b ) and tumours with high contribution of this signature showed a trend towards poor survival ( Supplementary Fig. 1 ).

However, a clear trend for the energy of the new sub-gap transition is apparent, which is lower in energy for dopants of higher EA.

Flubendazole and rapamycin (included as a positive control) showed inhibitory effects on DC to T-cell transfer of HIV-1, whereas other autophagy inducers showed a trend but reached no statistical significance ( Supplementary Fig. 6a–c ).

Of the remaining 45 SNPs, four SNPs (rs4749884 at 10p14, rs12791447 at 11p15.4, rs75718479 at 12q23.1 and rs58262369 at 14q23.2) showed nominally significant associations at P additive <0.05 and had the same directions of association as in the GWAS meta-analysis ( Supplementary Table 5 ).

(A caveat to this finding is that different antibody clones were used for the surface fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) staining at baseline and at week 48 and, due to the possibility of different affinities, this is a possible confounder which needs to be explored in future studies.) The highly significant impact of the markers PD-1, Tim-3 and Lag-3 is intriguing, especially in view of the lack of association for markers of activation (HLA-DR, CD38), which might be expected to associate with rebound.

Indeed, comparison of differentially included cassette exons in genes expressed in both neurons and ECs (see Supplementary Methods ) revealed a highly significant overlap between alternative exons predicted to be regulated by Nova proteins in the brain 33 and those showing changes in inclusion levels upon Nova2 knockdown in the endothelium ( P =1.93 e −11 , hypergeometric test; Supplementary Fig. 6 ; Supplementary Table 3 ), despite the very different approaches used in the two studies (see Supplementary Materials for details).

To probe the optimum thickness of PNS for the best sensing performance, we measured the sensing response of PNS with various thicknesses and an interesting trend was observed.

The GNF4877-treated mice showed a trend towards improved glucose control demonstrating functionality of the transplanted islets ( Fig. 2l ).

While there was biological variation among specimens ( Supplementary Table 1 ), a clear trend emerged with Pvfp-5 variants in the 8–10 kDa range always being secreted first, typically within 10 s after saline injection and before other Pvfps.

Moreover, the tryptophan pool displayed an increasing trend and no changes were detected in shikimate levels in PhpCAT overexpressors compared to control ( Fig. 5b ).

Although niche associations and described sources for Lactobacillus strains and species are not all equally robust, there was a clear trend for the genomes of species isolated from animals to be smaller, consistent with genome decay in a nutrient-rich environment 18 ( Supplementary Fig. 3 ).