Excerpts

Analysis of the subarachnoid space at E16.5 in Rev3l +/ − mice revealed a highly significant increase in subarachnoid volume ( t -test, P value=0.0047; Fig. 3a ).

Similar to what was observed with their episomal counterparts, when both the gRNA4 and gRNA10 series were chromosomally integrated into sLP, the correlations between the number of BS in the synthetic operator and gene expression levels were highly significant (Supplementary Fig. 10a , both p < 0.005; Pearson correlation analysis).

In this context, the mScarlet-based biosensor showed minimal response (0.3 ± 0.2%, n = 11), whereas the stagRFP counterpart showed a clearly significant FRET response (3.3 ± 0.4%, n = 8, p = 0.005, t = 3.642, df = 9) (Fig. 3a ).

A highly significant interaction with G2 gender ( p = 0.005) was observed.

Analysis of latency of uncertainty coding In standard uncertainty tasks, each neuron’s smoothed normalized activity aligned at CS onset was further smoothed with a 101 ms causal boxcar kernel and then tested at each millisecond starting 50 ms after CS onset for whether it met the following criteria: (1) highly significant ROC area for distinguishing pooled data from uncertain reward CSs from the certain 0% reward CS (p < 0.005), (2) highly significant ROC area for distinguishing pooled data from uncertain reward CSs from the certain 100% reward CS ( p < 0.005); (3) both ROC areas have the same “sign” (i.e., both > 0.5 indicating activation by uncertainty or < 0.5 indicating inhibition by uncertainty).

In summary, the data show a highly significant ( p < 0.005) decrease in Chl a growth for both strains in the closed-culture vessels in comparison to the open-culture system at Fe(II) levels representing the Archaean ocean or lower (Fig. 2a, b, e ).

A significant trend (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.005) was detected for excess of V1 reads (DS) within Alu retroelements (Supplementary Table 5 ) as Alu elements in inverted orientation (IR) result in DS structures.

As is evident, aged mouse brain cells (microglia) and regions (prefrontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus) displayed a highly significant enrichment of senescence/SASP genes using the SenMayo gene list ( p = 0.005, p = 0.001, p˂0.001, respectively), while the previously published gene set (R-HSA-2559582) did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.157, p = 0.117, p = 0.192, respectively).

Individual regressions of relative gonopodium length on generation were highly significant for all six selection lines (LM: all P <0.005, N =9 generations, R 2 =69.8–89.9%).

In patients, the “A” allele frequency was 84.5%, a highly significant enrichment (e.g., 8.3% increase) compared to population controls at 76.2% ( p < 0.005).

2i , Supplementary Table 1 ; t 21 = 0.66, p = 0.5146, paired Student’s t test), whereas sLTP was associated with a highly significant decrease in τ decay (Supplementary Table 1 ; p = 0.0051, t 22 = 3.11, paired Student’s t test).

The risk allele (C) of rs3851634 was associated with significantly lower levels of POLR3B ( P =7.49 × 10 −6 ) in peripheral blood analysis with a nominally significant association in skin ( P =0.0052).

We then quantified the relative abundance of the cells in each cell state throughout the aging process and found that the number of State 1 cells kept decreasing with age and that of the State 4 cells showing an increasing trend (State 1: p = 0.0052; State 2: p = 0.73; State 3: p = 0.72; State 4: p = 0.05).

Interestingly, however, the LRIG1 mRNA levels showed a decreasing trend ( P = 0.00547, Jonckheere-Terpstra test) with increasing tumor grade, i.e., from GS (Gleason Score) 6 to GS9 tumors (Supplementary Fig. 13a ).

5k ) as compared to their counterpart mice bearing the fecal microbiota from HFHS-C donors, which was highly significant (post-hoc analysis: p = 0.006) at the 15 min peak of insulin secretion), and further illustrated by calculation of the GSIS during the peak of insulin response (Fig. 5l ). 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the gut microbiota composition revealed that FMT-HFHS-PM mice had greater alpha diversity than FMT-HFHS-C mice, represented by Shannon and Simpson’s reciprocal indices, consistent with data from donor mice (Fig. 3f, g and 5m–n ).

Moreover, a hybrid detection test (HyDe) was highly significant ( γ = 0.62; p -value = 0.006, Z score = 2.54; Supplementary Table 1 ), providing further support that the intermediate position in the PCA of these individuals is a signal of hybridization between the two parental species.

A number of previous psoriasis GWAS have directly compared genotypes between PsC and PsA 14 , 30 ; for example, Nair et al found modestly significant frequency differences between PsC and PsA for SNPs at the HLA-C ( P = 0.006) and IL12B ( P = 0.01) loci 31 .

Of the three loci identified in the main analysis, the locus on chromosome 11 was nominally significant in the Chinese cohort ( P = 0.006, Supplementary Fig. 8C ).

This latency difference was highly significant (permutation-based latency analysis: P = 0.006).

Moreover, the expression of receptors of above mentioned pro-inflammatory factors showed an increasing trend in cholangiocytes or stellate cells, such as Tnfrsf1a (Stellate cell: log 2 FC = 0.14, adjust- P = 0.006), Tnfrsf1b (Stellate cell: log 2 FC = 0.12, adjust- P = 0.02; Cholangiocyte: log 2 FC = 0.29, P = 0.005, adjust- P = 1), Il1r1 (Stellate cell: log 2 FC = 0.34, P = 0.002, adjust- P = 1).

While human PCa FMT1 and FMT6 showed a trend to increase (734 ± 30% and 63 ± 22%, respectively) TRAMP-C2 tumour mass compared to autologous mouse FMT, FMT2, 3, 4 and 5 all led to bigger tumours (127 ± 4% p = 0.006, two-sided t -test, 199 ± 13% p = 0.007, two-sided t -test, 247 ± 26% p = 0.04, two-sided t -test and 166 ± 15% p = 0.01, two-sided t-test, respectively) in the recipient animals (Fig. 3c ).

The differences between genotypes was highly significant, Chi-square test χ 2 (2, 358 ) = 10.0, p value = 0.0067.

Fisher’s exact test shows a highly significant association (two-sided p = 0.007, one-sided p = 0.0035 testing enrichment of KRAS mutations in REG4 positive regions) (Fig. 4f ).

This difference is highly significant, with t -test p = 0.007 ( n = 4); the signal change observed with the control injection probably arises from mild edema due to the introduction of fluid.

We again observed a weak negative but highly significant correlation between age and gHFI burden ( r = −0.031, P = 0.0070).