Excerpts

In particular, we used a three-site class model, because we found a highly significant difference when compared with a discrete two-site class model, indicating heterogeneous levels of purifying selection within the protein domains.

We chose K =5 for our analyses because its cross-validation errors: (1) are relative low, (2) do not overlap much with the range of the previous K and (3) have highly significant difference compared with the previous K but not so much with the next K value ( Supplementary Fig. 9a ).

For species for which information is available, the number of levels across species indeed follows an increasing trend as a function of the effective population size, ranging from n =5 in humans with relatively small effective population size of ∼10 4 and correspondingly less efficient selection, n =8 in macaque with intermediate effective population size of the order of 10 5 , and n =10 in mice with the largest effective population size of ∼5 × 10 5 (refs 48 , 49 ).

This suggests that feathering—particularly its symmetry, size differentiation and spatial arrangement—was highly significant towards how some basal paravians utilized their arm (and likely leg and tail) function for aerodynamic benefit.

For pancreatic cancer, there was only a strong trend for high- TRIB2 expression, primarily due to the extremely poor overall prognosis exhibited in pancreatic cancer patients.

Furthermore, survival data from the GSE65904 dataset revealed a highly significant TRIB2 -dependent distant metastasis-free survival time or disease-specific survival time response ( Fig. 4g,h ).

Likewise cells expressing IGF1R/IR showed a strong trend toward increase in IGF-1-induced glycolysis rate (1.6-fold) and maximal glycolytic capacity (1.5-fold) compared to cells expressing IGF1R ( Fig. 1f,g ).

From each region we chose two or more SNPs for replication: the most significant SNP plus one or more additional SNPs and, where available, highly significant exonic variants.

Figure 1 shows that 307 of the 354 stations (or about 87% of all stations) show a negative trend in annual maximum SWE (SWE max ).

This showed a trend indicating that the majority of infections occurred in patients with a combination of high stroke severity and low IgM concentration ( Fig. 5d ).

11 , reveals an increasing trend, indicating that bias-modulated performance of the device was not responsible for the obtained signals.

WT CHCHD10 transfected cells showed a nonsignificant trend toward increased mitochondrial length compared to vector control transfected cells both at basal and carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) conditions ( Fig. 3i–k ).

No significant heterogeneity was observed between the study groups and the three singe-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are nominally significant in the Danish follow-up.

Sample size was chosen such that undisturbed wild-type behaviour in the climbing paradigm and wild-type behaviour after 3 days of stress treatment showed a highly significant difference.

DENV-immune macaques showed a trend with a shorter duration of viremia with only two out of four macaques having detectable levels of vRNA during the period of 7–15 d.p.i.

Examination of TB density levels indicated a reduction in the first week after stroke, with a slight trend towards an increase over time ( Supplementary Fig. 7e ).

At 3-months of age, heterozygous mice showed a trend of being less glucose tolerant, but only 30-min time point reached statistical significance.

While this particular result could be the consequence of a testing bias, we confirmed a highly significant correlation between the number of inhibitory interactions and metabolic reactions for metabolites across the network, revealing that central metabolites are the most frequent inhibitors ( Fig. 4f , P value 2.2e-16, r 0.627, Pearson’s correlation).

SDS-PAGE followed by antibody-mediated detection of β-actin in three independent experiments showed a trend for decreased F-actin/G-actin ratios in AIM1-depleted cells (Fig. 3d ).

Muscles of treated limbs exhibiting >46% of cMD1-positive fibres showed a trend towards a decrease in myofibre regeneration and of endomysial fibrosis ( Fig. 2b ).

The spectra exhibit a decreasing trend in the white-line intensities at 11,568 eV following this order: PtO 2 (2.20)>H 2 PtCl 6 (2.08)>0.2Pt/m-Al 2 O 3 -O 2 (1.66)≈0.2Pt/m-Al 2 O 3 -H 2 (1.65)>Pt foil (1.25) ( Supplementary Fig. 14 ) 37 38 .

Ectopic expression of Actβ produced an overall trend of decreasing the fraction of circulating hemocytes, although this effect remained statistically insignificant by t -test ( Fig. 3h ), and accumulation of hemocytes in ectopic areas seemed minimal ( Fig. 3c–f ).

In line with this, the aa 38–130 fragment, which was preferentially recognized by HSP70, showed a trend toward a more hydrophobic surface, whereas aa 127–207 did not (Supplementary Table 2 ).

2 ) and observed an obvious trend that relaxation was faster near the surface.

The Development and Interaction networks encompassed broad functional categories, spreading the networks’ genes among many different categories, so that enrichment results rarely survive multiple testing correction; nominally significant functional enrichment terms are therefore included for the annotation of the Development and Interaction networks (Fig. 2 , top panel ).