Excerpts

The compound area reached optimal values at 15 min and at 40 °C, with an increasing trend at temperatures below 60 °C.

A clear trend is observed in Table 1 and Table 2 regarding the ease of photoreduction by MB, EDTA and red light.

As the number of substitution groups increased, photostability also showed an increasing trend (Cz-TTM < Mes 2 Cz-TTM < Mes 2 Cz-Mes 2 TTM).

When the Ni doping amount was greater than 0.1, the polarization impedance showed an increasing trend again because with the continuous increase in the doping amount, the excessively high oxygen vacancy concentration caused defects in the cathode material and led to the localization of oxygen vacancies [ 21 ], thereby reducing the O ion transport rate and increasing R p .

Both pore volume and average pore diameter of samples showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with continued addition of CaCl 2 , which was consistent with the development trend of the sample strength.

Different from the initial stage of hydration, the weight loss of reactants showed a decreasing trend when the CaCl 2 content exceeded 1.5%.

The sum of particles ≤0.5 μm in size indicated an increasing trend with prolonged milling duration.

Taking the partial significance descriptors discussed above as an example, we suggest adjusting the large ring counts to decrease the molecule’s hydrophobic surface area and optimize ring connectivity in order to control the number of five-membered aromatic rings to decrease the potential for reactive metabolite formation and reduce the likelihood of generating toxic intermediates.

In contrast, reaction time (factor B) yielded a p -value of 0.0560, suggesting a marginally significant effect.

Higher concentrations of 80 mM and 100 mM further elevated ROS-positive cells to 26.200% and 28.727%, respectively, indicating a clear trend of elevated oxidative stress in A549 cells.

With the further increase in PVP content, the mechanical properties of Sn-C NFMs showed a decreasing trend, which was related to their uneven diameter distribution of nanofibers and the emergence of beaded structures, resulting in the inability to evenly disperse the stress on the fibers during the stretching process.

However, both the flexural strength and flexural modulus of HA/PLLA composites showed a decreasing trend when the processing temperature was above 140 °C or the pressure exceeded 250 MPa.

The S r values of the MGS:0.12Eu 3+ ,0.004Mn 4+ sample show an increasing trend, with a maximum S r of 3.38% K −1 at 473 K, as shown in Figure 11 e.

The value of S a shows a decreasing trend with increasing temperature and has a maximum value of 0.041 K −1 at 298 K.

However, this study has limitations: there may be significant differences in VOC content in the main root, reed head, and fibrous root of ginseng due to the different growth environment (altitude, region, etc.) and growth cycle of ginseng.

Notably, these points appear to be randomly distributed across various PLD values without a discernible trend; this suggests that when PLD is comparable, the adsorption capacities of DCPD and H 2 exhibit an increasing trend, with larger LCD and VF values.

The binding rates of PYp-2 and PYp-5 to sodium glycinate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing in the test range.

Therefore, in this study, the PNP solution was adjusted to different pH values, including 2.43, 3.23, 4.08, 5.15, 6.14, 7.02, and 8.09, to investigate the effect of pH on the adsorption of p-nitrophenol by the GO-ATT composite, and the results are shown in Figure 10 B, which shows that the adsorption of PNP by GO-ATT composite showed an initial increase and then a decreasing trend.

Additionally, the Gibbs free reaction energies (Δ G RXN , kcal/mol) for the [2 + 2] cycloaddition between N=C=N and Ge=G15-Rea exhibit an increasing trend: Ge=N-Prod (−41.4) < Ge=P-Prod (−23.2) < Ge=As-Prod (−17.7) < Ge=Sb-Prod (−14.9) < Ge=Bi-Prod (−11.0).

Electrical characterization revealed that the current exhibited an increasing trend with the enhancement of the nanoparticles’ antioxidant properties.

All analytes showed a trend of increasing recoveries with increasing extraction time up to 35 min.

The rate constants (k 2 ) exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing initial concentration, suggesting that at lower concentrations, the abundance of available binding sites relative to Pb 2+ ions leads to faster adsorption kinetics.

The onset potential and the overpotential at this point for NiCoMo y B y and NiCoMo y B y -SA are 1.48, 1.45, 256, and 229 mV, respectively, which shows a clear trend in the electrocatalytic activity of these materials.

With the increase in HTD temperature, the removal rates of –COOH and –CHO show an increasing trend.

All the samples showed a decreasing trend of the apparent viscosity with an increasing shear rate.