Excerpts

In contrast, the traffic-related aerosol factor (F3 in both cities) shows a decreasing trend in both Plovdiv (−5.14% yr −1 ) and Varna (−9.30% yr −1 ), combined with moderate to strong seasonal variability (24.35% and 25.20%, respectively) and significant weekday–weekend differences.

Interleukin-10 ( IL-10 ) showed no significant differences, although a decreasing trend was observed in C30 compared to SD (α = 0.0681).

In contrast, molecular weights of the enzymatically treated, pyruvate-removed, and acetyl-removed groups showed a decreasing trend.

The gel hardness showed a trend of initially decreasing and then increasing.

The ZP values of XG-HP and XG-MP were slightly higher than those of the enzymatic hydrolysis group, whereas that of XG-LP was lower, showing an overall trend of initially increasing and then decreasing.

As shown in Figure 6 , after 8 h of irradiation, the fluorescence intensity of γ-H2AX in the Lv-TGM2-oe group exhibited a decreasing trend and was lower than that in other treatment groups.

With an increase in TAN mass fraction, the lift-off area of TAN/SA mixed films showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, reaching the maximum at ω TAN = 0.6.

This may be significant under an oxidative stress environment, as senescent cells typically display elevated basal ROS levels and dysfunctional mitochondrial metabolism.

The distribution of values by harvesting period shows a clear trend: samples obtained under syrup feeding conditions (Ss) showed slightly higher pH values (approx. 6.0–6.25).

In contrast, thearubigins (TR) showed an increasing trend; they remained low (1.38~2.17%) in early storage but increased significantly by approximately 4.5 fold ( p < 0.05, from 1.38 ± 0.10% to 6.22 ± 0.48%), coinciding with the deepening of the infusion color.

Notably, the pH of pigskin also exhibited a decreasing trend ( Figure 1 B), which is primarily attributable to the metabolism of lactic acid and other organic acids by acid-producing microorganisms such as Lactobacilli during fermentation [ 28 ].

In addition, the fluorescence measurements reveal an increasing trend in the F L / F D ratio with an extended reaction time, peaking at 3 h ( Figure S2G,H ), which was selected as the optimized reaction time.

However, the LE_F and LE_D extracts showed a trend toward higher inhibitory activity against HSV-1_dxpiii than ACV ( Table 4 ).

It can be seen that the R e and Q e values exhibit a decreasing trend after desorption.

Similarly, LC followed an increasing trend, with MDGA showing the highest value of 24.3 ± 0.9 mg GAE/g dw, although no statistically significant difference ( p > 0.05) was observed among encapsulant types within this parameter.

In addition, OTDG at the highest tested concentration caused a significant decrease in TP53 transcription and a highly significant decrease in BCL2 transcription.

Additionally, the relationship between absolute correlation and RF importance shows a positive trend, suggesting that genes with stronger phenotypic associations also contribute more substantially to predictive performance.

However, the nanocarrier formulation of CUR showed a highly significant reduction in the viability of cancer cells compared with free CUR.

In vitro antiproliferative assays across multiple cancer cell lines, including HCT-116 and HT-29 (colorectal) and SK-OV-3 (ovarian), revealed a clear trend of diminished potency following silylation.

As shown in Figure 12 , the DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging rates followed a clear trend: the DES-5 extract exhibited the highest activity, followed by the 70% ethanol extract, while the pure water extract showed the lowest activity.

While several comparisons showed nominally significant differences before correction (e.g., Skoroszowice vs.

In terms of MW, we observed a clear trend in researchers’ preference for low molecular weight chitosans—the dominant group consisted of chitosans with a molecular weight of below 30 kDa ( n = 39).

- Multiple linear regression: Snedecor’s F-test (Analysis of Variance—ANOVA), F = 1.71 × 10 −11 < 0.001, highly significant for n = 108.

The model F -value of 23.48 and corresponding p -value (<0.01) indicated that the model was highly significant [ 49 ].

The correlation coefficient between free-base nicotine content and smoke particulate matter pH was 0.846, indicating a highly significant positive correlation.