Excerpts

From Figure 3 a, the impervious performance of the sample showed a trend of rising firstly, and then failing with the increase in coating material content: When there was no film coating, the hydrostatic pressure resistance height of the sample was 0 mm.

The frequency of treatment application shows a decreasing trend, in which the higher the frequency, the higher the mean SR.

The results indicate that the effect of the independent variable or treatment effect (time) is highly significant.

The coal rank of the examined samples usually shows an increasing trend with increasing age of individual seams.

Results showed antagonistic effects, with an initial increase in bond strength assigned to a confinement effect of the rebar resulting from changes in the concrete properties over aging, followed by a decreasing trend possibly resulting from interfacial degradation.

The fatigue life after cracking is very variable and does not seem to follow a clear trend.

The quadratic term (T 2 ) of the spatial position of the welding torch, the quadratic term (M 2 ) of the mass transfer position, the quartic term (T 4 ) of the spatial position of the welding torch and the cubic term (M 3 ) of the mass transfer position are moderately significant.

In the case of IRIS lubrication, the CoF under each contact load showed a trend of first increasing, then decreasing and finally stabilizing with an increase in sliding distance ( Figure 14 a).

When the addition amount of lanthanum stearate exceeds 0.05 wt.%, the average CoF of modified oil presents an obvious trend of decreasing at first and then increasing, and the minimum value is reached when the addition amount is 0.2 wt.%.

Deposition (tensile) stress was varied in the range of 135–235 MPa and showed a decreasing trend with higher fabrication temperatures, pressures, and precursor ratios.

Measured hardness values were in the range of 16.1–19.8 GPa and showed an increasing trend against the increasing Si/N ratio.

With the increase of nanoparticles, the specific heat in the liquid state shows an increasing trend at the first stage and then a decreasing tendency at the following stage.

Figure 11 b shows that the overall efficiency of a hybrid system presents an increasing trend as the thermoelectric element height increases.

The solubility of both drugs was determined as a function of temperature (293.15 to 313.15 K) and IL composition, following an increasing trend with the increase in both conditions.

However, the expansion ratio showed an increasing trend, with the increase in ram speed from 7 mm/s to 11 mm/s.

It is observed that CoF shows an increasing trend on increasing the load from 20N to 60N.

The wear rate of the developed composite materials exhibits a decreasing trend with the increase in weight % of Si 3 N 4 .

For the three samples, it can be seen that the isolation degree, turbidity, surface charge and stability of the CNCs suspension showed a trend as the HPH treatment increased.

However, the effect of cover rate on the near-surface hardness (50 μm beneath the surface) is almost insignificant, resulting in a hardness increase of less than %2 for both pressures ( Figure 2 ).

However, there was an increasing trend in the redness of the samples after 100 h.

From the comparison it was observed that the predicted flexural behavior of the TRM beam, using the strain compatibility and force equilibrium conditions, showed a trend similar to the experimental result, but it was not predicted conservatively. 4.3.

Furthermore, it is noted that the peak compressive strength of concrete shows a decreasing trend with the increase of freeze–thaw cycles at the same strain loading rate.

In the first 0–125 freeze–thaw cycles, it can be identified that in the damage accumulation stage, the weight of concrete specimens shows a slightly increasing trend or is basically unchanged.

The Fisher test value (F-value) for the model was found to be 133.13; this means that the model was highly significant, with a p -value less than 0.0001.

The diffraction peak intensity of the Q phase shows an increasing trend, as with the Mg level.