Excerpts

Based on the results in Table 3 and Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the key findings are summarized and discussed below: The pore properties of CD-based biochar products indicated an increasing trend as the microwave output power increased from 300 to 800 W at a holding time of 5 min, suggesting an increase in the surface area and pore volume due to more pore development.

Unlike water curing, the development of compressive strength of the air-cured samples showed an increasing trend, and the strength of samples added with Nes was higher than that of #1 samples with pure MgO.

A clear trend is the fabrication of multifunctional coatings that require the combination of different properties in the same material.

This study indicates that the slump of concrete is reduced by the inclusion of recycled steel fibers and shows a decreasing trend with an increase in the fiber content.

As the molar ratio of F to Ti content in the precursor solution increased from 0.1 to 0.3, the sensor’s response to 10 ppm formaldehyde exhibited an increasing trend.

For example, depending on the condition of its surface, differences in the emissivity for steel may be significant, as demonstrated in Table 1 .

Both the residual stress and strain exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing initial deviatoric stress.

Figure 15 b shows the relationship between AR and F L for one pass, and AR showed a trend of narrowing change amplitude with increasing F L .

On days 4, 7, and 14, an increasing trend with functionalized PEEK compared to non-functionalized PEEK was observed, but this was not significant.

The widths of the suspended lines showed a trend of continuous increase with increasing P .

At the initial stage of water immersion, the compressive strength of the MKPC specimens showed an increasing trend, and the increasing range of M1 was larger than that of M0.

In particular, the color, whiteness, and translucency differences found were higher after one heating cycle and followed a decreasing trend as the number of heating cycles increased.

The ablation width was measured for a scanning speed from 10 mm/s to 300 mm/s, which showed a decreasing trend with an increase in scanning speed ( Figure 5 b).

However, as the water-binder ratio increased, the compressive strength of mortar samples showed a trend of rapid decline.

The stiffness of the three girders showed a decreasing trend due to the continuous development of concrete cracking in the whole working stage with cracks.

The results showed that with the increase in GP replacing FA, the fluidity of the alkali-activated materials gradually decreased, the shear stress and the equivalent plastic viscosity both showed an increasing trend, and the paste gradually changed from shear thinning to shear thickening.

A significant drop in current densities is observed in the first 2 h of testing, after which currents are relatively stable but still show a decreasing trend.

AE activity shows an increasing trend; this occurs because microcracks begin to form, nucleation and convergence occur, and, finally, the microcracks propagate stably [ 51 ].

Strength and Deformation Properties As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 , with the increase in the applied static axial pressure, the dynamic strength showed an increasing trend and then a decreasing trend, reaching its maximum at an axial pressure of 14 MPa (10% UCS).

The peak strain shows an overall trend that increases and then decreases with the increase in axial pressure.

In addition, there is an increasing trend in their consumption.

The level of surface damage to the samples caused by cyclic freezing and thawing also shows a decreasing trend with the increasing amount of the air-entraining admixture.

The influence of the depth from which specimens are sampled from the joint may be significant [ 30 , 42 , 43 ].

After the peak load, the curve shows a decreasing trend; the load of the RC columns showed a rapid reduction of 5–10% followed by a more gradual reduction, and ductile failures occurred in the specimens.

In dry friction conditions, a decreasing trend of the COF with increasing contact pressure was observed.