Excerpts

As the plate thickness increases, both the magnitude and the distribution depth of the residual compressive stress on the laser-treated surface of the GH3039 plates exhibit an increasing trend.

In Figure 4 a, the stress–strain curves of the 25% volume fraction SFRP porous structure show a clear trend: peak stress increases with the strain rate, particularly within the range of 8 s −1 to 43 s −1 .

A clear trend was observed in response to increasing collector dosage: higher collector concentrations led to an improvement in copper recovery, attributed to enhanced hydrophobicity and increased attachment of copper-bearing particles to air bubbles.

When the Cr content increases to 0.15 wt.% ( Figure 1 b), the steel exhibits a decreasing trend of oxidation weight gain in comparison with the Cr0.015 case; for example, an oxidation weight gain of 0.39 mg/mm 2 at 950 °C is achieved (0.48 mg/mm 2 for Cr0.015 steel).

Microstructural analysis showed a decreasing trend in δ-ferrite quantity, with its morphology transforming from vermicular to rod-shaped and spherical.

Nevertheless, the results indicate a clear trend: strain increases with shorter pulse durations t d and longer pulse periods t p .

The random nature of imperfections and the unevenness of magnitudes observed in the different columns causes the results to not follow a pronounced trend. 5.

As Ac increased, the peak stress exhibited an overall trend of first increasing by 5.14%, followed by a decrease of 3.8%.

As the axial ratio increases, the slope of the stress–strain curve becomes steeper, while the peak stress exhibits a decreasing trend.

As shown in Figure 24 , the threshold number of pulses exhibits an overall trend where it first decreases and then increases as the beam expansion ratio grows.

The spatial superposition of rust expansion stresses from adjacent bars diminishes the stress concentration factor in the concrete matrix, resulting in a decreasing trend in the surface crack width with an increasing reinforcement ratio.

Compressive strength also shows a decreasing trend with increasing time intervals between successive printed layers ( Figure 16 and Supplementary Materials Tables S4–S6 ).

ANOVA results in Table 6 indicated that the effects of RM and FA on compressive strength were highly significant, while those of CGA and W/B were moderately significant.

There is a decreasing trend when a sinusoidal path is used when compared to the linear path.

In dry-mixed compounded rubber, T10 increases with the increase in epoxidation degree, while T90 shows a decreasing trend, which should be attributed to the differences in lignin particle size and compatibility with the rubber matrix.

However, it is noteworthy that GKFKG shows an increasing trend in elongation at break after seawater aging, as shown in Figure 5 c, indicating that the effects of seawater aging on elongation at break vary across different hybrid laminates [ 67 ].

Notably, the settlement corresponding to the larger pile diameters shows a decreasing trend.

Statistical testing confirmed that these differences were highly significant for all pairwise comparisons.

The modulus of elasticity of all tested PLA composites with Poaceae addition showed an increasing trend with increasing filler content, with the strongest enhancement effect observed for composites containing alkalized and raw Poaceae ( Figure 10 ).

The electrical conductivity of the alloy exhibits a decreasing trend with increasing ECAP passes.

Current studies concerning 3D-printed products and prototypes are primarily centered on determining and improving the mechanical properties of the final components due to quite significant damage susceptibility in comparison to conventional manufacturing methods.

After a 40 d drying and wetting cycle, the gray level of the surface began to show a decreasing trend, which was attributable to the continuous filling of the pores until the products expanded and caused cracks in the specimen.

Concurrently, due to energy dispersion within the enlarged interaction area, the weld penetration depth exhibits a decreasing trend.

As a result, the samples displayed a decreasing trend in strength with an increasing H 2 O 2 content, reaching a minimum at 3%.

However, there was an apparent trend in which the highest content of PAH contaminants was determined in the membrane layer, regardless of whether it was used in protective clothing or in specially prepared material packages.