Excerpts

Most of the fly ash concrete mixtures had a satisfactory air void system immediately after mixing, but the SAM number showed an increasing trend over time, suggesting the coarsening of the air void system with time. concrete fly ash air-entraining admixture loss on ignition air voids This research received no external funding. pmc-status-qastatus 0 pmc-status-live yes pmc-status-embargo no pmc-status-released yes pmc-prop-open-access yes pmc-prop-olf no pmc-prop-manuscript no pmc-prop-legally-suppressed no pmc-prop-has-pdf yes pmc-prop-has-supplement no pmc-prop-pdf-only no pmc-prop-suppress-copyright no pmc-prop-is-real-version no pmc-prop-is-scanned-article no pmc-prop-preprint no pmc-prop-in-epmc yes pmc-license-ref CC BY 1.

The air content of all the fresh concrete showed a decreasing trend with time.

These results, therefore, do not make it possible to extract a clear trend as to the effect exerted by the additions of natural pozzolans.

Similarly, a quantitative comparison was also carried out to evaluate the relation between the depth of cut and the maximum depth of subsurface damage, and the result is shown in Figure 11 , where the maximum depth of subsurface damage shows an increasing trend with the increase in the depth of cut.

The results showed that: the replacement of waste glass sand effectively improved the gas permeation resistance of mortar; with the increase of replacement, the gas permeation resistance of mortar roughly showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.

On average, the studied titanium carbide exhibited a thermal conductivity in the range of 8–10 W/m °C, with a slightly increasing trend as a function of the temperature.

The interaction between flow rate and distance is depicted in Figure 3 e, which showed a slightly significant influence on sphericity.

However, the distribution curve of Mo exhibited a decreasing trend, showing a high and dense peak in α phase, indicating that the distribution of Mo was different between the two phases.

This improvement is quite significant; however, it should be noted that the weight of the composite has also increased significantly, owing to the incorporation of glass fibers.

A noticeable increase in the ultimate deflection, i.e., the deflection of the post-peak softening branch at which the specimen attains 85% of its load capacity, was only found when ten vertical reinforcing bars were put in place (21% and 25% for pitch reduction from 250 mm up to 150 mm and 50 mm, respectively), while a clear trend was not revealed for six and eight longitudinal rebars [ 51 ].

It can be found that in conditions 2 and 3, when there is periodic wear on one side of the wheel and the rail, the real part of the eigenvalue of the system shows an increasing trend relating to the condition 1.

The temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient shows an increasing trend in performance as the applied temperature is increased, as seen in Figure 7 b.

It can be seen from Figure 4 that under various temperature conditions, the instantaneous friction coefficient of intermittent braking generally fluctuated greatly, but during 10 min of operation, the instantaneous friction coefficient under various temperatures showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.

The decrease in ambient temperature first caused an increasing and then a decreasing trend of wear rate of the brake disc and reached the maximum value (84.5 μg/r) at 0 °C.

Both dynamic strength and deformation modulus showed a decreasing trend with the increasing defect strength.

Although there has been a decreasing trend in GHG emissions since 2005 in Europe, the EU 2030 emissions target still requires a strong effort in the way of renovation of the building stock and a drastic change in the paradigms of energy use as well as of construction materials [ 2 ].

In [ 60 ], the applicability of the √area-parameter model was evaluated, showing a clear trend that suggests that the model can describe the fatigue strength for defects with √area ≥ 1000 μm in L-PBF processed 316L steel.

(3) Both the damage variable and the fractal dimension of the muddy siltstones show an increasing trend with an increase in the number of F-T cycles, and it is more difficult for damage to become superimposed as the damage accumulates to that range causing fatigue (the damage variables ranged from 0.73 to 0.97) while the fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces in the rock still increases.

With the increasing number of F-T cycles, the energy absorbed in the rock specimens shows a decreasing trend, and the absorbed energy of intact rock and rock specimens containing level-I, II, III, and IV initial damage separately decrease by 44.21%, 55.37%, 53.53%, 55.74%, and 61.20% compared with that before the F-T cycles.

Taking both the tensile and flexural properties of PEEK under different pressures into consideration, it can be seen that with the change in pressure, the materials of differing pressure all showed ductile behaviors, and the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and bending strength all showed a slight trend of increasing first and then decreasing.

The elongation at break also showed an increasing trend at first and then decreased.

The yields at different pressures showed an increasing trend as the degassing temperature increased; the compound CPO-27-Mg degassed at 330 °C (CPO-27-Mg Tdegas330) exhibited the best CO 2 adsorption capacity of 8 mmol g −1 at 1 bar and 12.4 mmol g −1 at 10 bar, increasing up to 170% when compared to CPO-27-Mg degassed at 140 °C (CPO-27-Mg Tdegas140).

The dielectric constant of the prepared membranes was found to show an obvious trend: PEI containing hydrophilic MSPs > PEI > PEI containing hydrophobic MSPs.

In particular, for the ODP class, there is a highly significant decrease in the damage indicator.

In the case of coated paper, the addition of nanoparticles in the base ink has a slight, almost insignificant influence on the resistance to bending of the samples. 3.1.4.