Excerpts

At the same time, it can also be seen from the figure that the overall transmembrane pressure difference before and after cleaning shows a slightly increasing trend. 4.

Determination of Mass Loss The results obtained for mass loss ( Figure 13 ) show values close to each other after 28 days of curing for all the formed families; however, a decreasing trend is observed with the increasing OSBA content.

In contrast, the concentrations of Si, Mo, W, and Nb exhibit an increasing trend rather than a reduction as the EBM power increases. 3.3.

The rutting factor of asphalt samples shows a decreasing trend with increasing temperature, which is due to the transformation of asphalt from a viscoelastic body to a viscous fluid under the action of high temperature, which reduces the shear deformation resistance and rutting resistance [ 25 ].

The corrosion product Kuzel’s salt exhibited an increasing trend with higher-strength grades. 3.5.

Trace amounts of brucite (Mg(OH) 2 )—identified by characteristic peaks at 0.239, 0.474, and 0.157 nm, along with the 318 phase and AFm (3CaO·Al 2 O 3 ·CaSO 4 ·12H 2 O), with characteristic peaks at 0.895, 0.450, and 0.287 nm—appeared in the shallow layers but disappeared in the deeper layers, following a decreasing trend with depth.

After two passes of radial forging, the ZK60 alloy exhibited a high fraction of DRX grains and a decreasing trend of average grain size ( Figure 7 d,f).

As shown in the following Figure 10 , both rectangular cross-section specimens and circular cross-section specimens showed a trend of increasing load on the structure compared to the same displacement in the order of GFPU > PU > RC.

In contrast to this, the CSF band gap increases slowly by only 4.4%, and this dependence demonstrates a clear trend of slowing down.

As the microcapsule content increased, the friction coefficient showed a decreasing trend.

For the Ra parameter, which represents the arithmetic average of the absolute deviations from the mean line, a decreasing trend with an increased washing time is observed for the Rigid 10K and Tough 2000 materials.

For maintenance periods of 7 and 28 days, E 50 exhibits a decreasing trend with increasing CO 2 foam dosage, peaking at 36% foam doping.

The data indicate that maintenance age significantly influences compressive strength, which exhibits an increasing trend over time.

The incorporation of SSMP resulted in a decreasing trend in material strength at 1 day, with a more pronounced decrease observed with higher content.

The fluorescence intensity of the TPTc-DBD solution showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase in the volume fraction of water, and the emission wavelengths gradually red-shifted at the same time.

At each fixed laser power level, the resistivity showed an increasing trend with the increase in scanning speed.

Within the range of S/B from 0.8 to 1.4, the enhancement effect of the S/B ratio on the early strength (7-day) showed a decreasing trend, while the improvement in the later strength (28-day) was most significant when S/B was between 1.0 and 1.2.

Concrete Deterioration Damage Under Freeze-Thaw Cycles-Loaded-Landfill Leachate Coupling Under freeze-thaw cycles, 40% loading, and landfill leachate coupling, the concrete mass showed a decreasing trend with an endpoint mass loss of 3.35% ( Figure 6 a), which was substantially higher than that of the landfill leachate group (0.54%) and the 40% loading and landfill leachate coupling group (0.72%).

The measured surface microhardness values for these four samples are 192.4 ± 6.9 HV, 182.3 ± 2.8 HV, 178.9 ± 2.9 HV, and 166.9 ± 0.3 HV, respectively, indicating a decreasing trend in microhardness.

All compositions exhibited a decreasing trend in the relative viscosity as a function of the shear rate, confirming their pseudoplastic (shear-thinning) behavior; all the systems represent non-Newtonian fluids (the viscosity decreases with an increasing shear stress value) [ 37 ].

Following primary forming at 500 °C and subsequent annealing, density exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing silicon content, as illustrated in Figure 7 .

In contrast, when 2% steel fibers are combined with PE fibers, the energy dissipation coefficient shows an increasing trend.

Figure 8 e–g show that for the FA-modified lateritic clay, the peak strength and deformation modulus of the modified red clay basically show an increasing trend when the addition amount was increased from 1% to 5%.

Water Absorption As illustrated in Figure 2 , the water absorption capacity of fly ash-based autoclaved aerated aggregates (FAAs) exhibits a decreasing trend at both 1 h and 24 h intervals with the augmentation of cement content.

With the increase in PAM doping, the fluidity of cement mortar shows a decreasing trend.