Excerpts

With increasing water erosion time, the crush resistance of steel slag before and after treatment showed a decreasing trend, but the abrasion and crush value of treated steel slag gradually became stable.

For instance, the temperature difference at different speeds was in the range of 12.3–17.9% and showed an increasing trend with increasing speed.

The friction coefficient analysis at the tool–chip interface at different cutting speeds indicated a decreasing trend of friction coefficient in the order of AS (conventional), AT-PE (linear grooves perpendicular), AT-PA (linear grooves parallel) and AT-W (wavy grooves) tools, Figure 6 .

Therefore, I OFF exhibits an increasing trend.

With increasing strain rate, the DRX grain size decreased rapidly, while the DRX volume fraction showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.

(2) With the increase of the p parameter, the distribution error shows a decreasing trend, and the peak value error remains unchanged or decreases.

Since Vickers hardness tests are always carried out on an area of microstructure, it must be assumed that these stochastically distributed ferrite or martensite grains influence the recorded hardness value, which explains the partially significant standard deviations of the measured values after the tempering tests or even generally irregular results as demonstrated by Figure 11 .

Thus, the COF of the wire rope shows a decreasing trend in this process.

It was not possible to identify a clear trend for the failure mechanism of either the tests performed at high cross-head rate or under impact conditions.

In using laser cladding to apply HEACs, there are still large blind zones, and the development of the parameters is theoretically and practically significant.

Overall, with the increasing C 0 , the value of Q e shows an increasing trend until keeping stable, while R e tends to decrease until it is stable.

The horizontal stresses measured along V-1 and V-3 both reduced with a decreasing trend as the distance from the tunnel increased.

However, there were more significant differences in shear stiffness, and the shear stiffness of the specimens showed a decreasing trend after freeze–thaw cycles; this was due to the damage of the bonding surface caused by the freeze–thaw cycles, resulting in a decrease in the bond strength, and at the same time, the slippage between the steel pipe and the concrete increased; the shear stiffness of the specimens showed an increasing

However, there were more significant differences in shear stiffness, and the shear stiffness of the specimens showed a decreasing trend after freeze–thaw cycles; this was due to the damage of the bonding surface caused by the freeze–thaw cycles, resulting in a decrease in the bond strength, and at the same time, the slippage between the steel pipe and the concrete increased; the shear stiffness of the specimens showed an increasing trend with the increase in concrete strength, which was due to the improvement of concrete strength that increased the mechanical bite force between concrete and steel tube, thereby improving the bond strength of the steel tube push-out specimen and reducing the slip between the concrete and steel tube.

It can be seen from the curves that for each specimen with a specific bonding thickness, with an increase in the node coordinates, the equivalent stress at the interface showed a decreasing trend, showing that under the current specimen parameters (i.e., bonding length and stiffness), the early failure of the left bonding zone was the main cause of the failure of the composite structures.

However, for the distinct peaks (C-H, rocking vibrations, 728 cm −1 ; C-O, stretching vibrations, 1019–1121 cm −1 ; C-O, bending vibrations, 1265 cm −1 ; C=O, stretching vibrations, at 1723 cm −1 ; C-H, stretching vibrations, at 2965 cm −1 ), there was a pronounced trend on decreasing their intensity with enlarging the DRE–plasma exposure time.

It can be found that with the increase of DM modifier dosing, the binding energy of DM modifier and base asphalt shows a decreasing trend, which indicates that the DM modifier dosing has a negative effect on the thermodynamic stability of the mixed system.

The changes in the surface roughness were observed for varying erodent velocities, and they showed an increasing trend.

The internal stresses σ i calculated using the values of m * and τ are found to be 606.0 MPa in water as well as 590.2, 568.2, and 535.9 MPa in H 2 SO 4 solutions with pH values of 4, 3, and 2, respectively, and present a decreasing trend with the decrease in pH values. 4.2.

The ISO 6603-2 low-velocity impact test methodology should be employed with caution for brittle materials since the kinetic energy of the specimen (and fragments thereof) as the specimen fails may be significant relative to the internal energy.

It can be seen that at strain rates of about 80 s −1 and 150 s −1 , the dynamic peak strain of PFRC showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase in fiber length, and the dynamic peak strain of PFRC-8 was the largest.

Moreover, the oxidation weight gain per unit area displayed a decreasing trend with the increase in Si addition, and sample A4 showed a steady and slight oxidation behavior and also exhibited the lowest oxidation weight gain.

The available database’s regression coefficient (R2) is not very good (R 2 = 0.12), but a reliable trend can be made possible in the near future with the comprehensive database of the compressive strength of concretes containing RSF by its volume fraction. 4.1.2.

At an age of 3 d, with increasing salinity, the UCS exhibits a decreasing trend followed by an increasing trend.

Before the content of graphene reaches 0.5 wt.%, there are basically no highly adverse factors regarding its conductivity, so the aluminum matrix composites with 0.3 wt.% graphene show an increasing trend of conductivity.