Excerpts

Although 1 vol.% RGO still homogeneously distributed in the Cu-matrix, GNPs demonstrated an evident trend to aggregate when their content was above 0.5 vol.%.

The SEM micrographs of the TiO 2 thin films in the as-grown and heat-treated state indicate a clear trend; a higher oxygen ratio in the reactive atmosphere is reported to result in a lower deposition rate, easier saturation of growing TiO 2 species on the growth front and consequently more pronounced columnar growth.

The P values confirm that large cumulative strain applied to base bitumen showed an almost insignificant strain recovery during unloading [ 42 ].

Workability of Fresh Paste Workability of the pastes show a clear trend towards higher spreads with increasing l/s ratios and higher fly ash contents ( Figure 3 ).

These differences were found to be highly significant for all of the parameters ( p -values were very close to zero and definitely lower than α).

After adding SBS latex, the G’ and G” values of the modified asphalt both underwent an increasing trend compared with the neat asphalt.

For both alloys, we obtained a clear trend.

As shown in Figure 8 , with the heating rate increasing from 0 to 20 °C/min, the apparent porosity possesses an increasing trend; however, when the heating rate further increases to 30 °C/min, it decreases slightly because of the pores’ shrinkage caused by the hydration of the matrix surrounding the pores [ 35 , 40 ].

There is a clear trend of decreasing mechanical properties by FSW process.

Two-layered reinforcement caused a highly significant increase in density, leading to the p -value of 0.000 for all three variants compared to the control plywood.

The data in Figure 10 a reveal that the tensile strength of the initial martensite and deformed martensite show an increasing trend at first, and then a decreasing trend with increasing aging time, and the tensile strength reaches a maximum value after aging for 5 h.

As shown in Figure 12 a, it can be seen that the residual chloride concentrations in the specimens treated with the three different electrolytes all displayed a decreasing trend along the thickness of the protective layer.

While Z showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the filler loading.

With the increase of the filler loading, the value of α showed an increasing trend.

As the entire texture development does not show any influence of PSN, a minor significance of microstructural changes based on coarse particles can be assumed; however, a more detailed analysis of the primary and secondary phase distribution will nevertheless be the subject of future investigations.

With an increase of the L / D ratio, both of the slip corresponding to peak load and bond strength of CFT-PAC columns exhibited an increasing trend.

Although the loss modulus generally shows a decreasing trend, it maintains a certain level (~60% of the initial value) in the middle and later stages.

It can be observed that the damping ratio of the cement mortar indicated an increasing trend as the polypropylene fiber content increased.

A3 showed a trend of strength decreasing and EL increasing and A4 exhibited an increase in UTS and EL, which were the result of grain refinement and grain growth inhibition caused by the precipitated Er-containing phases ( Figure 3 d2,e2).

That is, when the alloy was aged at 450 and 500 °C, respectively, the relationship curves between Vickers hardness and aging time showed a trend of first descending, then ascending, and then descending again.

Under the same extrusion conditions, as the Y content increases, the mechanical properties show an increasing trend.

In contrast, the DI for PP profile exhibits an increasing trend of DI with increased CF content and it finally decreases slightly for CF content of 50%.

At 3 and 7 days of curing, with the increase in the fiber content, the UCS showed a decreasing trend.

Cell cytotoxicity assay results ( Figure 6 ) showed a clear trend of greater fibroblast proliferation on Er,Cr:YSGG laser–treated Ti discs (optical density values of 0.46 ± 0.015 on day 1, 0.5 ± 0.016 on day 3, and 0.56 ± 0.017 on day 5) than did control discs, on which fibroblasts had lower viability (optical density values of 0.46 ± 0.015 on day 1, 0.5 ± 0.016 on day 3, and 0.56 ± 0.017 on day 5 days; all Ps < 0.05).

At the same time, the content of C 2 S and C 3 A shown a decreasing trend, while the amorphous content shown a rising trend.