Excerpts

Statistical significance followed conventional threshold criteria; differences between experimental groups were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05 (*), representing a 95% confidence level in the observed difference, and highly significant when p < 0.01 (**), corresponding to a 99% confidence level.

Statistically, “**” indicates highly significant differences ( p < 0.01), “*” indicates significant differences ( p < 0.05), and “N.S.” indicates non-significant differences ( p > 0.05). 5.

All data were expressed as mean ± SD and analysed using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple range tests, Dunnett’ s T tests and Student’s T-tests (SPSS Statistics 18.0) to estimate the statistical differences of mean levels among the groups with statistically significant at p < 0.05 and extremely significant at p < 0.01.

The impact of depth was particularly pronounced for indel calling, as evidenced by both highly significant p -values ( p < 0.01) and substantially larger effect size estimates compared to those observed for SNV calling.

The Results of Monomer Units and Antioxidant Activities Analysis Firstly, the F test showed that the standardized empirical linear regression equation between the monomer units of Rhodiola crenulata PAs and antioxidant activity was extremely significant ( p ≤ 0.01 ).

An extremely significant difference was expressed with “**” when p < 0.01.

BON-1 cells showed a highly significant ( p < 0.01) increase in caspase activity when treated with 20 or 5 μM LMK-235 for 24 and 32 h compared to the caspase activity at the time point of incubation ( Figure 2 A,B).

Differential expression of CD58, CD304, and CD73 in diagnostic samples was highly significant ( p < 0.01) between pre-B-I, pre-B-II, immature B cells, and BCP-ALL blasts.

Mitochondrial Genes in the Liver The effect of the interaction diet × family was highly significant ( p < 0.01) on the expression of mitochondrial nd1 , cytb , cox1 , cox2 and atp6 genes in fish liver ( Table 1 ).

In this work, an isotig was considered differentially expressed when it exhibited a highly significant difference in read abundance at p < 0.01.

All the compounds succeeded in boosting histone acetylation in RSTS LCLs compared to healthy donor (HD) LCLs, with VPA exposure resulting highly significant ( p < 0.01).

Since these drugs are known to induce apoptosis, we next measured the specific activity of caspases 3/7, proteases that are activated in both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways, and found that it increased to a lesser extent in GNPTAB KO HeLa cells compared to control cells after the indicated treatments ( Figure 1 B, p < 0.01, except for paclitaxel, for which the difference did not reach statistical significance).

Concurrently, an increasing trend in the frequency of Foxp3 + Tregs was observed ( p < 0.01); however, given the limited sample size ( n = 5), this finding should be interpreted with caution and requires further validation in larger cohorts.

Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05 and highly significant at p < 0.01.

Among these, three miRNAs (cli-miR-133c-3p, gga-miR-133c-3p, and pbv-miR-133c-3p) exhibited highly significant differences ( p < 0.01).

Statistical differences were stated as significant if the p -values were below 0.05 (* p ≤ 0.05) and were considered highly significant if the p -values were less than 0.01 (** p ≤ 0.01) or even less than 0.001 (*** p ≤ 0.001).

In both L-CSL groups, the mRNA levels of Nrf2 and Nqo1 were significantly higher than those in the SHR group ( p ≤ 0.01), with a highly significant difference between the two CSL doses ( p ≤ 0.01).

A clear and highly significant ( p < 0.01) in-crease in the abundance of transcripts of all glycosylases (MPG, TDG, and OGG1) was observed in the PCx after administration of the lower KYNA dose compared to the control group.

Compared with the control group, the body weight and average food intake of mice in each model group increased significantly ( p < 0.05), with highly significant increases in average food intake at 3 weeks, and body weight at 9 and 12 weeks ( p < 0.01). 2.3.

Only miR-15a-5p correlated with blood eosinophils (r = −0.361, p < 0.05), while both miR-15a-5p, miR- and miR-374a-5p showed a significant correlation with the max fall after LAR, and 15b-5p showed a trend towards a correlation (miR-15a-5p: r = −0.447, p < 0.01; miR-15b-5p: r = −0.308, p = 0.076; miR-374a-5p: r = −0.407, p < 0.05). 3.

At P24, however, a highly significant ( p -value < 0.01) rescue of rd10 photoreceptors was observed, with an increase in photoreceptor row counts of ≈55% and ≈46% in CN003- and CN238-treated samples (NT = 3.86 ± 1.01; CN003 = 6.01 ± 0.87; CN238 = 5.64 ± 0.32), respectively ( Figure 2 B).

In MAC-T cells, siRNA 416 had a highly significant interference effect on the COL6A1 gene, with an interference efficiency of 68.3% to 75.1% at the mRNA level ( Figure 3 a; p < 0.01).

The circles in the figure represented the GO classification in which the differential proteins are located, with red representing extremely significant DEPs ( p value ≤ 0.01), yellow representing significant differential proteins ( p value ≤ 0.05), and blue representing non-significant enrichment.

A highly significant difference in the Simpson index was observed by the rank-sum test ( p < 0.01).

The diazepam group had a highly significant shortening of sleep latency ( p < 0.01) and a highly considerable lengthening of sleep duration ( p < 0.01) compared with the model group.