Excerpts

The distribution of EC throughout the study area showed a trend of high in the west and low in the east, which was closely related to land use/planting patterns, geographical factors, and climatic factors.

The value of out-of-pocket expense can indicate patients’ economic burden of disease and shows an increasing trend with the rapid growth of health expenditures.

Trends in rainy season precipitation (December—January—February) also suggest a decreasing trend for Antsiranana, Farafangana and Vohipeno.

Differences between Sweden and Italy are quite significant and rooted in diverse explanations.

The MORs showed a decreasing trend in TB deaths as a percentage of all deaths from 2011 to 2015, while age groups 30–44 were at most risk of a TB death.

Class 2 (50.0%) contained decedents with a moderate cost of hospitalization that showed a decreasing trend in cost.

After that, the PM 2.5 concentration had a decreasing trend in the third phase since 2014 due to the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (APPCAP) implemented by the Chinese government.

All these regression coefficients showed a slightly increasing trend (from low to high quantiles of LE distribution), while the positive association between LE and GDP per capita was stronger in higher quantiles of LE distribution (e.g., 10th percentile estimate of women = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.13–0.33, 90th percentile estimate of women = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.19–0.45) ( Figure 1 a).

Unemployment rate was positively associated with men’s and women’s LE for part of the quantiles (e.g., quantile ≥ 40th), with an increasing trend ( Figure 1 b).

There was a positive trend in odds of sarcoidosis with years in a residence where farm milk was used during first five years of life relative to asthma referents, with a weaker but consistent trend with all referents.

When stratified by sex, the covariate-adjusted association between BLL, hyperactivity, poorer inhitibion, emotional control, and behavioral regulation was marginally significant for girls but not boys.

The Eco_C over 10 km away from the coastline was the lowest and showed an increasing trend with the distance from the coastline, while a more pronounced high point appeared at 90 km (EI = 0.61) and a concave low point (EI = 0.53) appeared at a distance of 200–210 km to the coastline, which were inseparable from human activities.

Compared to women who engage with peers of the same body weight, those women who interact with overweight peers show an elevated dieting probability that is nearly significant at Time 1 (IRR = 1.52, 0.99–2.34).

However, the findings for P submax revealed a small correlation that was significant in men and almost significant in women, suggesting that P submax and vitamin D levels might be linked in some way.

Worldwide demographic development has some variations among countries and several indices have been tested to measure urban sprawl, showing an increasing trend of urban sprawl in the USA and Europe in recent decades, although research on this middleic is still in progress [ 31 , 32 , 33 ].

There is an increasing trend of the correlation between freedom of the press and the lethality rate of occupational injury.

The average rates were 19.6 g C m −2 yr −1 and 3.14 g N m −2 yr −1 after the 1970s, which were significantly higher than the rate before the 1970s, showing an increasing trend.

The vertical distribution of the C/N molar ratios at two sediment cores presented similar characters ( Figure 4 c), showing a decreasing trend from the bottom to the top for both cores.

In the upper panel, the NAET risk significantly increased with woodworking (adjusted OR 9.25, p = 0.028), and was of borderline significance for leatherworking.

In this regard, former studies have already confirmed that age is usually related to a decreasing trend in the performance of risky behaviors when groups of young and adult road users are analyzed together [ 34 , 40 , 41 ].

An interview with the vice-mayor of the village in 2013 indicated that the estimated number of livestock in the Karakul area were 10,000 sheep/goats, 100 cows, 2500 to 3000 yaks, and 90 donkeys, and that there is an increasing trend of the livestock number in the area. 3.3.

A p -value of less than 0.10 was considered marginally significant, and a p -value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 2.6.

Moreover, the shape metric (SHAPE_AM) of landslide had a positive trend with sediment yield, indicating that a large shape can intensify erosion [ 39 ].

Combined with the change of 10 cm snow depth contour map ( Figure 5 ) and the average temperature in winter in Jilin Province ( Figure 3 ), it can conclude that the mean temperature in winter in Jilin Province showed an increasing trend (0.29 °C/10a).

This shows a decreasing trend from east to west consistent with the spatial distribution suitability degree obtained in this study.