Excerpts

The study had a relatively small sample size and may have been underpowered, several effects were only marginally significant ( p < 0.10), and the physiological changes emerged during a brief 15-min interaction and began returning toward baseline by the end of the session.

With regard to indirect relations, working memory as a foundational cognitive skill had only a marginally significant indirect relation with later reading comprehension via mental state language (β = 0.05, p < 0.10) and metacognitive knowledge (β = 0.05, p < 0.10).

0.39) was marginally significant ( p < 0.10).

Marginally non-significant effects (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1) are reported, and p -values for post hoc tests conducted for between-subjects factors reflect results from Fisher’s LSD test.

No other main effect or interaction approached significance (all p -values > 0.1).

While a Breusch-Pagan test confirmed homoscedasticity of residuals ( p = 0.25), due to a marginally significant negative correlation between metabolism and age ( r = −0.3318, p = 0.1) we chose to use an heteroscedasticity-consistent standard error estimation ( Hayes and Cai, 2007 ).

Furthermore, the Session by Age group by Switching demand interaction F (1,168) = 4.49, MSE = 0.02, η 2 = 0.03, p = 0.04, as well as the Session by Age group by Maintenance demand interaction F (1,168) = 3.63, MSE = 0.02, η 2 = 0.02, p = 0.06 were at least marginally significant ( p < 0.10).

The intercept effect in 10-month-olds was significant for the superordinate-level [beta = 0.25, t (110) = 2.00, p < 0.05], while the intercept effect approached significance in 10-month-olds for the living/non-living level [beta = 0.23, t (110) = 1.88, p < 0.1].

While WCST was not a significant predictor of willingness to fight for the group, its contribution approached significance ( p = 0.10).

Only variables that showed significant or near-significant correlations ( p < 0.10) with the dependent variables of interest were selected for further multiple linear regression analyses.

A higher increase in valence was associated with lower subsequent intention, although the between-person effect was only marginally significant ( p < 0.10).

Significant differences ( p < 0.05) were found on the face-name task, ALT, word updating task and backward digit span, and marginally significant difference ( p < 0.1) was found on the picture updating task.

Household income significantly predicted increased levels of cooperation, with high-income individuals donating 84 p more than low-income individuals (β = 0.84 [0.09; 1.59], p < 0.05; Table S4 and Figure 2 ) People experienced a marginally significant increase in the feelings of sectarian threat during the riots, compared to before and after the riots (β = 0.25 [−0.03, 0.52], p < 0.1; Table S5 ).

Furthermore, all three predictors were marginally significant ( p < 0.10) in predicting the mixing cost, so that younger age, earlier L2 acquisition, and a more balanced use of both languages in everyday life was associated with a smaller mixing cost.

Repeated-measures ANOVA in the midline analysis revealed a marginally significant effect of condition F (2,46) = 2.34, 0.05 < p < 0.1.

For units with low climate level and high strength the slope was negative and approached significance ( b = −0.37, p < 0.10).

As can be seen in the figure, children showed significant shape responding for the clay, M = 0.64, t (74) = 5.16, p < 0.0001, and wood sets, M = 0.68, t (73) = 5.90, p < 0.0001, and marginally significant shape responding for the sand, M = 0.56, t (73) = 1.89, p < 0.10, and Styrofoam sets, M = 0.55, t (74) = 1.76, p < 0.10.

For Orbic muscle activation, the only finding that was approaching significance was that greater change in Orbic activity was associated with greater general NM (ß = 0.18, p < 0.10, R 2 = 0.03, F (1, 121) = 3.79, p = 0.054), indicating that those higher in general NM were incorrectly activating muscles around their eyes when intentionally mimicking a neutral face.

For all analyses, an alpha level of p < 0.05 was used as criterion for significance, but marginally significant findings (0.05 ≤ p < 0.10) regarding experimental manipulations are also reported and explored because of a priori predictions with these factors.

We also tested by means of Welch two-sample t -tests whether male and female participants obtained significantly different scores on each scale: marginally significant differences due to participants sex emerged for ASI Hostile [men scored an average of 2.15 vs. an average of 1.65 for women, t (29.35) = 1.73, p < 0.1], whereas for the remaining scales no differences due to participants’ sex emerged [all t s < 1].

For younger participants, there was a marginally significant positive correlation between the number of fixations made during encoding and subsequent recognition (Pearson's r = 0.18, n = 84, p = 0.10), and a significant positive correlation between the number of transitions and subsequent recognition ( r = 0.41, n = 84, p < 0.001).

As expected, the judges rated participants in the high-power group as significantly more powerful ( M = 4.78, SD = 1.69) than those in the low-power group [ M = 2.17, SD = 1.38, t (68) = 7.06, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.72] and marginally significant more power than those in the control group [ M = 4.18, SD = 1.02, t (62) = 1.68, p = 0.10, Cohen’s d = 0.43].

The first model for which all AUs helped predict at least a marginally significant ( p < 0.10) variance in the dependent variable emotion/appraisal was selected as the final model.

Similarly, significance was always stated at p < 0.05 (while p < 0.1 was considered as a statistical trend). 3.

Employee participation shows a high correlation with works council participation ( r = 0.47, p < 0.01) and – different from the works council participation – a weakly significant correlation with knowledge growth ( r = 0.29, p < 0.10 versus r = 0.02).